Biosynthesis produced

Luo, T.J.M., Soong, R., Lane, E., Dunn, B. and Montemagno, C. (2005) Photo-induced proton gradients and ATP biosynthesis produced by vesicles encapsulated in a silica matrix. Nature Materials, 4, 220-224. 

This first step in purine biosynthesis produces N9 of the purine ring and is inhibited by AMP and GMP. 

Endo, A., Hasumi, K., and Negishi, S. 1985b. Monacolins J and L, new inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis produced by Monascus rubber. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 38(3), 420 22. 

Inhibition of 5-HT biosynthesis reverses the therapeutic effects of treatment with antidepressants that have predominantly 5-HT reuptake inhibitory activity (e.g., fluoxetine) but less so with those that have predominantly NE reuptake inhibitory activity (e.g., desipramine) (11,12). Also, inhibition of 5-HT biosynthesis produced a relapse in depressed patients who had their depression successfully treated with imipramine or... 

Parizek J (1964) Vascular changes at sites of oestrogen biosynthesis produced by parenteral injection of cadmium salts the destruction of placenta by cadmium salts. J Reprod Fertil 7 263-265... 

In 1958, Kinoshita and Nakayama of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd. reported that the auxotrophic mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum, which lacks homoserine dehydrogenase and is defective in L-homoserine (or i-threonine plus i-methionine) biosynthesis, produced L-lysine in the culture medium (Kinoshita et al. 1958). This was the first report on production of an amino acid by an auxotrophic mutant. Subsequently, amino acid production by auxotrophic mutants expanded greatly. Then, the mutants with the L-threonine- or L-methio-nine-sensitive phenotype due to the mutation in homoserine dehydrogenase (low activity) were also found to produce appreciable amounts of L-lysine in the culture medium (Tosaka and Takinami 1986). Furthermore, a lysine analogue (S-aminoethylcysteine)-resistant mutant was obtained as an L-lysine producer. In this strain, aspartokinase was insensitive to feedback inhibition (Tosaka and Takinami 1986). This is the first demonstration of amino acid production by an analogue-resistant mutant. 

Kitahara N, Endo A, Furuya K, Takahashi S (1981) Thielavin A and B, New Inhibitors of Prostagladin Biosynthesis Produced by Thielavia tenicola. J Antibiotics 34 1562... 

Williams, D.E., Bernan, V.S., Ritacco, F.V., Maiese, W.M., Greenstein, M., and Andersen, R.J. (1999) Holyrines A and B, possible intermediates in staurosporine biosynthesis produced in culture by a marine actinomycete obtained from the North Atlantic ocean. Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 7171-7174. 

Carotenoids are natural pigments characterized by a tail to tail linkage between two C20 units and an extended conjugated system of double bonds They are the most widely dis tributed of the substances that give color to our world and occur m flowers fruits plants insects and animals It has been estimated that biosynthesis from acetate produces approximately a hundred million tons of carotenoids per year The most familiar carotenoids are lycopene and (3 carotene pigments found m numerous plants and easily isolable from npe tomatoes and carrots respectively... 

Most of the GA-synthesis inhibitors characterized so far affect two segments of the compHcated pathway from MVA to the many different GAs identified. The cycHzation reactions that produce / Akaurene are inhibited by the onium growth retardants, and the oxidations of /-kaurene to /-kaurenoic acid are sensitive to heterocycHc triazoles such as paclobutrazol and similar compounds. Other enzymes in the pathway are points for pathway dismption by as yet undeveloped GA biosynthesis inhibitors (236). 

Biosynthesis ofS(— )-M llc Acid. Aqueous fumaric acid is converted to levorotatory malic acid by the intracellular enzyme, fumarase, which is produced by various microorganisms. A Japanese process for continuous commercial production of S(—)-mahc acid from fumaric acid is based on the use of immobilized Brevibacteriumflavum cells in carrageenan (32). The yield of pyrogen-free S(—)-mahc acid that is suitable for pharmaceutical use is ca 70% of the theoretical. 

In addition, Ee protein-1 has at least two noncatalytic roles related to nitrogen fixation, and presumably Ee protein-2 and Ee protein-3 do also. The first function is somehow involved in the early stages of EeMo-cofactor biosynthesis because mutant strains having a deletion in nifil produce neither Ee protein nor EeMo-cofactor, rather only a EeMo-cofactor-deficient apo-MoEe protein (104,105). The second role involves insertion of preformed EeMo-cofactor into these apo-MoEe proteins (106). 

All these polyesters are produced by bacteria in some stressed conditions in which they are deprived of some essential component for thek normal metabohc processes. Under normal conditions of balanced growth the bacteria utilizes any substrate for energy and growth, whereas under stressed conditions bacteria utilize any suitable substrate to produce polyesters as reserve material. When the bacteria can no longer subsist on the organic substrate as a result of depletion, they consume the reserve for energy and food for survival or upon removal of the stress, the reserve is consumed and normal activities resumed. This cycle is utilized to produce the polymers which are harvested at maximum cell yield. This process has been treated in more detail in a paper (71) on the mechanism of biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyaIkanoate)s. 

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