Biosourcing

Biosourcing is a relatively new term conjured to describe materials based partially or complete on renewable biomass. Biomass is biological material from living or recently living organisms crops, trees and castor beans are prime examples. As the title of this article implies and as the last few sections explained in detail, bio-polyamides are biosourced to various degrees (see Table 10.1). 

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DNA sample (primer pair) for monse (l-actin (Biosource ) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). 

Novagen (ProteoPlex ), S S (FAST Quant), BioSource (Cartesian Array ), and BD Biosciences (BD Clontech Ab Microarrays) have introduced or will soon introduce protein microarray slide formatted products in which antibodies are directly immobilized. Beckman Coulter s protein array products for performing micro-ELlSAS in standard 96-well plate formats are based upon the self-assembly (by hybridization) of oligonucleotide-antibody conjugates to complementary oligonucleotides arrayed in individual wells. HTG s protein array technology was described previously. 

Partial random DNA template (108 bp) (synthesized by Biosource International, Foster City, CA). 5 -ACC-CAG-TCC-ACA-AGC-TTG-TAG-TAC-TNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNN-NNC-CCT-AGA-TGG-CAG-TTG-AAT-TCT-CCC-TAT-AGT-GAG-TCG-TAT-TAC-3 (N=A, C, G, or T are incorporated with equal probabilities). Restriction sites (Hindlll and EcoRI) are underlined. 

JCRB Japanese Collection of Research Biosources Tokyo/Japan... 

Streptavidin HRP use in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Numerous companies sell Streptavidin-HRP, including Sigma, Becton Dickinson, and Biosource. 

Wood Easily harvested and in somewhat healthy supply, however cellulose is more difficult to extract from wood than from other biosources. 

Other companies are Austral Biological, Biosource International, Sigma Bio sciences. Accurate chemical, ICN, Promega, R and D systems, Advanced Scientific and Chemical. 

A sequence record for a gene and its protein product will typically have a single BioSomce descriptor at the Nuc-prot set level. A population or phylogenetic study, however, will have BioSource descriptors for each component. (The components can be nucleotide Bioseqs or they can themselves be Nuc-prot sets.) The BioSources in a population study will have the same organism name and usually will be distinguished from each other by modifier information, such as strain or clone name. 

Implicit in the BioSource and the organism that is assigned to it is the genetic code used by the DNA/RNA, which will be used to translate the nucleic acid to represent the protein sequence (if one is present in the record). This information is shown on the CDS feature. 

Figure 4.3. The NCBI Desktop displays a graphical overview of how the record is structured in memory, based on the NCBI data model (see Chapter 2). This view is most useful to a software developer or database sequence annotator. In this example, the submission contains a single Nuc-prot set, which in turn contains a nucleotide and two proteins. Each sequence has features associated with it. BioSource and publication descriptors on the Nuc-prot set apply the same organism Drosophila melanogaster) and the same publication, respectively, to all sequences.

Complete media RPMI-1640 medium (stored at 4°C, wrapped in aluminum foil to protect it from light) supplemented with a 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 pg/mL streptomycin mixture, 4 mAf L-glutamine and 1.5% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (PCS) (all from BioSource International, Camarillo, CA). Allow the RPMl medium and the reagents to reach 37 C in a warm water bath before the reagents are added to the media This complete media can be stored at d C for a maximum of 2 wk. 

Red blood cell lysis buffer (ACK lysing buffer from BioSource International, Camarillo, CA) 156 mM NH4CI, 10 xaM KHCO3, and 1 mAf Na2EDTA. 

RPMI-1640 medium RPMI-1640 medium (BioSource International, Camarillo, CA) supplemented with 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 (tg/mL streptomycin, and 4 mM L-glutamine. 

TNF-a Levels. TNF-a levels of the cell-free supernatant were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial ELISA kits (BioSource International, Camarillo, CA). The color developed was measured by... 

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