Bioremediation: ecological

R. M. Atlas and R. Bartha, Hydrocarbon biodegradation and oil spill bioremediation. Advances in Microbial Ecology 72 287 (1992). 

Drzyzga et al. [411] conducted experiments to evaluate the levels of incorporation and transformation of TNT and metabolites into the organic soil matrix of anaerobic and sequential anaerobic-aerobic treated soil/molasses mixtures. They proposed a two-step treatment process (i.e., anaerobic-aerobic bioremediation process) with some special procedures during the anaerobic and the aerobic treatment phases. The transformation of TNT at the end of the experiments was above 95% and 97% after anaerobic and sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment, respectively. This technique is considered the most promising method for effective, economic, and ecologically acceptable disposal of TNT from contaminated soils by means of immobilization (e.g., humification) of this xenobiotic. 

T0223 Earth Tech Bioremediation—Solid Phase T0225 Ecology Technologies International, Inc., FyreZyme T0226 Ecolotree, Inc., Ecolotree Buffer... 

Taking other associated costs into consideration, FyreZyme bioremediation for soil up to 14 inches (36 cm) in depth would cost 17 to 24/yd ( 22 to 31/m ). For deeper contamination, the cost of FyreZyme treatment also increases. Depending on the depth of the contamination, total cost could reach 55/yd ( 72/m ) (personal communication Peter Condy, Ecology Technologies International, Inc., September, 1996). 

Pahm, A. M. Alexander, M. (1993). Selecting inocula for the bioremediation of organic compounds at low concentrations. Microbial Ecology, 25, 275-86. 

Pritchard, P. H., Lantz, S. E., Lin, J-E. Mueller, J. G. (1994). Metabolic and ecological factors affecting the bioremediation of PAH- and creosote-contaminated soil and water. In U.S. EPA Annual Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes Research, Development and Field Evaluations. San Francisco, California, June 28-30, 1994, pp. 129-38. EPA/600/R-94/075. 

Briglia, M. (1995). Chlorophenol-degrading actinomycetes molecular ecology and bioremediation properties. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 

Naturally occurring microbial consortia have been utilized in a variety of bioremediation processes. Recent developments in molecular microbial ecology offer new tools that facilitate molecular analyses of microbial populations at contaminated and bioremediated sites. Information provided by such analyses aids in the evaluation of the effectiveness of bioremediation and the formulation of strategies that might accelerate bioremediation. 

Olson, P. Reardon, K. Pilon-Smits, E.A. Ecology of rhizosphere bioremediation. In Phytoremediation Degradation and Control of Contaminants McCutcheon, S.C., Schnoor, J.L., Eds. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Hoboken, NJ, 2003 317-354. 

Bradley PM. (2003). History and ecology of chlorethene biodegradation A review. Bioremediation Journal 7(2) 81-109. 

Madsen EL (1998) Theoretical and applied aspects of bioremediation the influence of microbiological processes on organic contaminant compounds in field sites. In Burlage RS, Atlas R, Stahl D, Geesey G, Sayler G (eds) Techniques in microbial ecology. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 354-407... 

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