Bioreactors production

BPD is a contract research facility, which started operations in 1996. From the storage of frozen materials, the customized laboratory services to the consulting in process development and scaling up, BPD has been accumulating useful experiences in the biotechnological scenario. Very flexible set of fermenters are used to satisfy customer needs, through very small and fast adaptation and modifications. Bioreactors productivity varies from 100 mg to 1000 mg scale. 

Assumptions Synthesis of phenylpyruvic acid Batch synthesis process for precursors overal yield of 95+% of theoretical to pheny Ihydantoin overall yield of 90+% of theoretical from phenylhydantoin to phenylpyruvic acid recovery and recycle of acetic acid no byproduct crec taken for acetic acid formed from acetic anhydride addition. Conversion of phenylpyruvic acid and aspartic acid. Bioreactor productivity of-18 g PHE/L/h (four columns in parallel) 98% overall conversion no byproduct credit taken for pymvic acid (recovery cost assumed to be of by revenue from sale) 80% recovery of L-PHE downstream of bioreactor. 

A great deal of research work has been carried out to enhance bioreactor productivity (2 14 kg m 3h 1) using cell recycle via membrane processing (Boyaval and Corre, 1987 Boyaval et al., 1994) and recovering propionic acid by monopolar or bipolar ED (Boyaval et al., 1993 Weier et al., 1992 Zhang et al., 1993). 

One of the major factors affecting the overall production cost is bioreactor productivity, which can be defined as the amount of PHA accumulated per unit volume per unit time. T o increase PHA productivity, not... 

Cryotube Expansion in stationary flasks Propagation in stirred flasks Inoculum bioreactor Production bioreactor... 

Sivakumar, G. Bacchetta, L. Gatti, R. Zappa, G. 2005. FIPLC screening of natural vitamin E from mediterranean plant biofactories - a basic tool for pilot-scale bioreactors production of alpha-tocopherot. J. Plant Physiol. 162 1280-1283. 

Trexler MM, McDonald KA, Jackman AP (2002) Bioreactor production of human al-pha(l)-antitrypsin using metabolically regulated plant cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 18 501-508. 

Increasing the system pressure increased the bioreactor productivity up to approximately 80 psia, after which no increase in productivity was seen. 

Biotechnological production of alkaloids is extremely important for many fields, such as the pharmaceutical field. Aslam et al. researched the possibility to incaease the yield of vinblastine production in Catharanthus roseus. According to their results, vinblastine symthesis was clearly temperature dependent in somatic embryo production, embiyogenic callus, and proliferated, matured, and germinated embryos in various in-vitro raised tissues and in somatic embryo-derived plant leaves, shoots, roots, and also whole plants. These results can be applied in bioreactor production. Somatic embryo production in small bioreaetors is nowadays a well established technique in many laboratories (Figure 6.10). 

Plants as Bioreactors Production and Use of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites, Enzymes, and Pharmaceutical Proteins... 

Valluri, J.V. 2009. Bioreactor production of secondary metabolites from cell cultures of periwinkle and sandalwood. In Jain, S.K. and Saxena, P.K. (eds.) Protocol for In Vitro Cultures and Secondary Metabolites Analysis of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Serious Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 547. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ, p. 325. 

No doubt additional effort is needed in the kinetic analysis of a process to optimize a laboratory-scale bioreactor using the criteria listed in Table 4.3. The results, however, should justify the effort. Figure 4.11 illustrates this problem showing that biokinetics seems to be dependent from the type of bioreactor. Productivity is plotted for a stirred tank with increasing rotational speed n and is compared with that in the cycle tube cyclone reactor (Ringpfeil, 1980). 

Bioproduct production in bioreactors is measured in terms of yield and productivity. Yield (Y) represents the amount of bioproduct normalized to some input parameter, such as carbon substrate, nutrient, or an environmental parameter such as oxygen. Common expressions for yield include mass of bioproduct produced per mass of carbon substrate utilized (Y p/s), mass of bioproduct per mass of nitrogen utilized (Y p/N), or mass of bioproduct per mass of oxygen utilized (Y p/O ). Kinetics of bioproduct production are generally expressed in terms of bioproduct productivity, with units of bioproduct mass per reactor volume or surface area per time, e.g. mg/L-h or mg/m -h. Yield information can be combined with the limiting input parameter, e.g. substrate, to predict bioreactor productivity performance according to the following relationship ... 

Straub KD, Carver P (1975) Sanguinarine, inhibitor ofNa-K dependent ATP ase. Biochem Biophys Res Commiin 62 913 922 Sudo H, Yamakawa T, Yamazaki M, Aimi N, Saito K (2002) Bioreactor production of camptothecin by hairy root cultures of Ophiorrhiza pumila. Biotechnol Lett 24 359 363 Sullivan DJ Jr, Gluzman lY, Russell D G, Goldberg DE (1996) On the molecular mechanism of chloroquine s antimalarial action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 11865 11870 Sun XF, Sun RC, Fowler P, Baird MS (2005) Extraction and characterization of original lignin and hemicelluloses Ifom wheat straw. J Agric Food Chem 53 860-870... 

M., Aimi, N. et al (2002) Bioreactor production of camptothecin by hairy root cultures of Ophiorrhiza pumila. Biotechnol. Lett, 24, 359—363. 

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