Ophiorrhiza pumila

Saito K, Sudo H, Yamazaki M, Koseki-Nakamura M, Kitajima M, Takayama H, Aimi N. (2001) Feasible production of camptothecin by hairy root culture of Ophiorrhiza pumila. Plant Cell Rep 20 261-21. ... 

All terpenoid indole alkaloids are derived from tryptophan and the iridoid terpene secologanin (Fig. 2b). Tryptophan decarboxylase, a pyridoxal-dependent enzyme, converts tryptophan to tryptamine (62, 63). The enzyme strictosidine synthase catalyzes a stereoselective Pictet-Spengler condensation between tryptamine and secologanin to yield strictosidine. Strictosidine synthase (64) has been cloned from the plants C. roseus (65), Rauwolfla serpentine (66), and, recently, Ophiorrhiza pumila (67). A crystal structure of strictosidine synthase from R. serpentina has been reported (68, 69), and the substrate specificity of the enzyme can be modulated (70). 

Yamazaki Y, Sudo H, Yamazaki M, Aimi N, Saito K. Camp- 85. tothecin biosynthetic genes in hairy roots of Ophiorrhiza pumila cloning, characterization and differential expression in tissues and... 

A survey of the distribution of camptothecin and its metabolites has been published. The compounds are still obtained from the bark and seeds of C. acuminata and Nothapodytes foetida. Recent studies with hairy root cultures of C. acuminata and Ophiorrhiza pumila indicate that plant tissue culture methods of production may prove feasible in the future. ... 

Other studies have also demonstrated a remarkable difference in constituents between wild plants and callus tissue or cultured cells. For example, tissue and cell culture of Ophiorrhiza pumila L. revealed the presence of 11 anthraquinones, including two new ones not present in the parent plant [338], New compounds of anthraquinone type were also isolated from Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb) Masf, Fusarium oxyspornm L. and Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend cell suspension cultures [339-341],... 

Ophiorrhiza pumila Camptothecin related alkaloids Callus... 

Straub KD, Carver P (1975) Sanguinarine, inhibitor ofNa-K dependent ATP ase. Biochem Biophys Res Commiin 62 913 922 Sudo H, Yamakawa T, Yamazaki M, Aimi N, Saito K (2002) Bioreactor production of camptothecin by hairy root cultures of Ophiorrhiza pumila. Biotechnol Lett 24 359 363 Sullivan DJ Jr, Gluzman lY, Russell D G, Goldberg DE (1996) On the molecular mechanism of chloroquine s antimalarial action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 11865 11870 Sun XF, Sun RC, Fowler P, Baird MS (2005) Extraction and characterization of original lignin and hemicelluloses Ifom wheat straw. J Agric Food Chem 53 860-870... 

Numerous studies on the CPT production from C. acuminate, Ophiorrhiza pumila, or N. foetida callus cell suspension, and hairy root cultures have been reported. Generally, CPT levels in in vitro plant tissue cultures are 100- to 1000-fold lower than that in planta [106,107]. To date, the highest reported yield of CPT (1.3% DW) is from optimized callus cultures that were derived from cotyledons of N. foetida [108]. The highest titers of secreted CPT (0.035 mg ml ) and the analog 9-methoxycamptothecin (0.026 mg ml ) were observed in N. foetida cell suspension culture medium [109]. Hairy root cultures induced from three Ophiorrhiza species produced CPT, in which O. pumila hairy roots accumulated the highest specific yield of CPT (0.08% DW) [110]. As in cell suspension culture, the partially secreted CPT in hairy root culture facilitated product enrichment by adding an absorbent resin [111]. Later, O. pumila hairy root culture in a 3-1 bioreactor was established with approximately 7 mgl total CPT titer including 17% secreted CPT [112]. 

M., Aimi, N. et al (2002) Bioreactor production of camptothecin by hairy root cultures of Ophiorrhiza pumila. Biotechnol. Lett, 24, 359—363. 

T., Nakabayashi, R. et al. (2013) Coupling deep transcriptome analysis with untargeted metabolic profihng in Ophiorrhiza pumila to further the understanding of the biosynthesis of the anti-cancer alkaloid camptothecin and anthraquinones. Plant Cell Physiol., 54, 686-696. 

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