Enhanced bioreactors

Applications of responsive gels in biotechnology have also been examined. For example, Dong and Hoffman proposed the use of temperature sensitive hydrogels for the immobilization of enzymes in bioreactors [110]. Enzyme activity can be turned on and off by causing the gel to swell or shrink when shrunken, the enzyme activity is turned off, since the pores are blocked to the substrate. Different applications are possible for this system besides enhanced bioreactor performance, including bioassays. 

A great deal of research work has been carried out to enhance bioreactor productivity (2 14 kg m 3h 1) using cell recycle via membrane processing (Boyaval and Corre, 1987 Boyaval et al., 1994) and recovering propionic acid by monopolar or bipolar ED (Boyaval et al., 1993 Weier et al., 1992 Zhang et al., 1993). 

Subsequently, biological/physical treatment of leachate with an activated carbon-enhanced sequencing batch bioreactor (PAC-SBR) was analyzed to determine whether the improved treatment by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation in the SBR would produce an acceptable effluent without post-treatment in the existing granular activated carbon adsorber (Ying et al., 1986). 

Ying, W.C., R.R. Bonk and S.A. Sojka. Treatment of Landfill Leachate in Powered Activated Carbon Enhanced Sequencing Batch Bioreactors. In Proc. of the 18th Mid-Atlantic Ind. Waste Conference, Technomic Publishing Company, Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1986. 

A lot of effort is made to avoid shear stress in bioreactors. Looking at the results for endothelial and non-endothelial cells, moderate shear stress is desirable in order to enhance proliferation and specially productivity. Therefore research should focus on methods of how to make cells withstand shear stress rather than how to avoid shear stress in a reactor. 

The Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) has defined a bioreactor landfill as any permitted Subtitle D landfill or landfill cell where liquid or air is injected in a controlled fashion into the waste mass in order to accelerate or enhance biostabilization of the waste. ... 

Leading new technologies include the landfill as a bioreactor,1 and the use of natural attenuation processes to enhance effectiveness of remediation at reduced cost by naturally renewable and continuing processes.2-3... 

Vorlop, K. D., Estape, D., and Gddia, F., Design of Ca-Alginate Immobilized Yeast Cell Beads with Controlled Low Density to Enhance Their Fluidization Behaviour in Bioreactors, Biotechnol. Tech., 7 287 (1993)... 

The development of novel bioreactors and bioreactor operating strategies has the potential to improve the performance of cell culture systems. Some progress has been made in this area to enhance foreign protein production in plant tissue culture. 

The significance of this approach is that not only were the wastes treated at a very concentrated level using anaerobic and aerobic treatment, but the removals were extremely good. The implications for enhanced bioremediation suggest that some combination of aerobic and/anaerobic processes where nutrients are applied to the waste site and collected beneath the waste site could turn the entire waste site into an efficient bioreactor. These are interesting possibilities and the possibility of using a flooded system or other top down distribution system which recycles wastes from beneath the contaminated sites and returns it to the surface is an... 

Wang ZY, Zhong JJ. (2002) Repeated elicitation enhances taxane production in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis in bioreactors. Biotechnol Lett 24 445 48. 

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