Biopolymer encapsulation

Encapsulated lipase with calixarene-immobilized biopolymers Encapsulated lipase with cellulose Encapsulated lipase with chitosan... 

GA is a natural biopolymer with wide industrial use as a stabilizer, a thickener, an emulsifier and in additive encapsulation not only in food industry but also in textiles, ceramics, lithography, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry (Verbeken et al., 2003). 

However, it has to be realized that biological templates remain inserted in the final nanoparticles and this is not acceptable for many applications. Nevertheless, some recent examples indicate that such biomimetic materials may be suitable for the design of biotechnological and medical devices [32]. For instance, it was shown that silica gels formed in the presence of p-R5 were excellent host matrices for enzyme encapsulation [33]. In parallel, biopolymer/silica hybrid macro-, micro- and nanocapsules were recently obtained via biomimetic routes and these exhibit promising properties for the design of drug delivery materials (see Section 3.1.1) [34,35],... 

G. Fiandaca, E. Vitrano, and A. Cupane, Ferricytochrome c encapsulated in silica nanoparticles structural stability and functional properties. Biopolymers 74, 55—59 (2004). 

Biopesticides, encapsulation of, 16 458 Biopharmaceuticals, 9 54 Biophotolysis, 13 849 Biopile, 3 769 defined, 3 758t Bioplas microcarrier, 5 353t Biopolishing, 3 30 10 304 24 622 Biopolymer extraction, 10 787-788 Biopolymers, 20 444. See also Proteins... 

In this chapter, several (biopolymer-based) materials and encapsulation routes will be discussed in relation to their suitability for use as odour control in consumer and detergent products. The discussion of selected applications will illustrate current developments of delivery systems in perfumed laundry or home-care products. 

Another characteristic property of many biopolymers (proteins, modified starch, chitosan, etc.) which is useful for the encapsulation of bioactive molecules is their ability to adsorb at the oil-water interface and to form adsorbed layers that are capable of stabilizing oil-in-water (OAV) emulsions against coalescence (see Table 2.2). It is worthwhile to note here that the formation of an emulsion is one of the key steps in the encapsulation of hydrophobic nutraceuticals by the most common technique used nowadays in the food industry (spray-drying). The adsorption of amphiphilic biopolymers at the oil-water interface involves the attachment of their hydrophobic groups to the surface of the oil phase (or even their slight penetration into it), whilst their hydrophilic parts protrude into the aqueous phase providing a bulky interfacial layer. 

Jafari, S.M., He, Y., Bhandari, B. (2007). Effectiveness of encapsulating biopolymers to produce sub-micron emulsions by high energy emulsification techniques. Food Research International, 40, 862-873. 

The biopolymer conformation is a key property determining the ability of the coacervate to encapsulate oil droplets. 

In addition to the necessary protection of the contents of the emulsion droplets, effective encapsulation technology requires that the release of the active matter be controlled at a specified rate. Benichou et aL (2004) have demonstrated that a mixture of whey protein isolate (WPI) and xanthan gum can be successfully used for the controlled release of vitamin Bi entrapped within the inner aqueous phase of a multiple emulsion. The release profile, as a function of the pH of the external aqueous phase, is plotted in Figure 7.25. We can observe that the external interface appears more effectively sealed against release of the entrapped vitamin at pH = 2 than at pH = 4 or 7. It was reported that an increase in the protein-to-potysaccharide ratio reduced the release rate at pH = 3.5 (Benichou et aL, 2004). More broadly, the authors suggest that compatible blends of biopolymers (hydrocolloids and proteins) should be considered excellent amphiphilic candidates to serve as release controllers and stability7 enhancers in future formulations of double emulsions. So perhaps mixed compatible biopolymers wall at last allow researchers to... 

Incorporation of the appropriate kinds of (nano)particles into heterogeneous mixed biopolymer systems may offer new opportunities for the generation of novel structures having interesting physicochemical properties. In particular, the concept of particle structuring at liquid-liquid interfaces may have future possibilities in food-based biopolymer-based delivery and encapsulation technology. 

MCC (65%) and calcium carbonate (35%) Vitacel VE-650 FMC BioPolymer, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A. Direct compression, encapsulation... 

Three to 4 mg of extracted biopolymers was encapsulated in aluminum pans for the measurements. Each sample was first annealed at 200°C for 3 min. The melting point was determined using a Mettler DSC 30 Thermal Analysis System. Dry nitrogen was used as the flow gas with a flow rate of 30 mL/min, calibrated with indium and mercury. 

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