Biomechanical principles

Classification and time-prediction methods that allow for detailed time analysis of the human work activities and implementation of biomechanics principles to fit the workplace to the worker... 

There are two major determinants to plant size (Enquist et al., 2000). The first is the need for mechanical support, and the second is the increased vascular hydrodynamic resistance with longer distances between soil and leaves. To resist buckling from wind or gravity, biomechanical principles lead to this relation between lengths and diameters of trunks and branches (Enquist et al., 2000) ... 

Dentistry. Biomechanical principles are relevant in orthodontic and dental science to provide solutions to restore dental health, resolve jaw pain, and manage cosmetic and orthodontic issues. The design of dental implants must incorporate an analysis of load bearing and stress transfer while maintaining the integrity of surrounding tissue and comfortable function for the patient. This work has lead to the development of new materials in dental practices such as reinforced composites rather than metal frameworks. 

Kerr, Andrew. Introductory Biomechanics. London Elsevier, 2010. Provides a clear, basic understanding of major biomechanical principles in a workbook style interactive text... 

Peterson, Donald, and Joseph Bronzino. Biomechanics Principles and Applications. Boca Raton,... 

Peterson DR, Bronzino JD (2008) Biomechanics principles and applications. Scitech Book News. Ringgold Inc, Portland... 

Improper lifting or reachiiig, poor visual eonditions, or repeated motions in an awkward position can result in accidents or illnesses in the occupational environment Designing the tools and the job to be done to fit the worker should be of prime importance. Intelligent application of engineering and biomechanical principles is required to eliminate hazards of this kind. 

The biomechanical assay systems are of special importance when functional impairment of joints may be a critical issue of the therapeutic principle under investigation. As chondrocytes are known to metabolically behave very distinct, even controversial in conventional culture conditions compared to those under biomechanical forces much closer to their natural environment, a mechanically well-defined assay system is expected to yield results more representative of joint biomechanics, and such even bridge the gap to an in vivo model. 

In-Vivo Percutaneous Implant Experiment. The principle of percutaneous attachment has extensive application in many biomedical areas, including the attachment of dental and orthopedic prostheses directly to skeletal structures, external attachment for cardiac pacer leads, neuromuscular electrodes, energy transmission to artificial heart and for hemodialysis. Several attempts to solve the problem of fixation and stabilization of percutaneous implants(19) have been made. Failures were also attributed to the inability of the soft tissue interface to form an anatomic seal and a barrier to bacteria. In the current studies, the effect of pore size on soft tissue ingrowth and attachment to porous polyurethane (PU) surface and the effect of the flange to stem ratio and biomechanical compliance on the fixation and stabilization of the percutaneous devices have been investigated.(20)... 

The roles of other task variables have not been clearly established epidemiologically therefore, one has to rely on biomechanical and physiological principles to expltiin their relationship to upper-extremity disorders, if any. 

The study of biomechanics, or biological mechanics, employs the principles of mechanics, which is a branch of the physical sciences that investigates the effects of energy and forces on matter or material systems. Biomechanics often embraces a broad range of subject matter that may include aspects of classical mechanics, material science, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics, in an attempt to model and predict the mechanical behaviors of living systems. As such, it may be called the liberal arts of the biomedical engineering sciences. 

Knowledge of the application of mechanical principles for the analysis of forces on body parts will be necessary, and can be obtained through a study of biomechanics. 

The technical plant stem , as developed by the Plant Biomechanics Group of the University of Freiburg and the Institute for Textile and Process Technology (ITV) in Benkendorf, is described in a separate chapter in this book. It is the result of biomimetic research based upon a great number of structural principles from different plant species. After a comprehensive... 

This book is aimed at teaching senior engineering students or orthopaedic residents the fundamental principles of biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. The book contains several chapters on the mechanics of joints, and the properties and functions of joint tissues. The chapter devoted to articular cartilage and the meniscus includes a review of collagen-proteoglycan interactions, and how these directly affect the mechanical behavior of the tissue. The biphasic and the triphasic theories for the viscoelastic properties are also discussed. 

These works describe both basic principles of mechanics and their specific applications in biomechanics. A review of the constitutive property relationships for biological tissues included throughout these texts may be particularly helpful for applying the material-property information listed previously. 

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