Biomaterials cardiovascular applications

Dr. Thomas Chandy is a research associate in the Division of Chemical Engineering Material Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Institute and Interventional Cardiology Laboratories at the University of Minnesota. He has over two decades research experience at Sri Chlia Tvunal Institute for Medical Sciences Technology, Trivandrum, India, in the area of biomaterial surface engineering and blood biomaterial interactions. More recently. Dr. Chandy and Dr. Rao have focused their research on platelet biomaterial interactiorrs and development of assist devices for cardiovascular applications. They continue to be active in this newly evolving area of research. 

ASD Report (2013) Biomaterials Market by Products (Polymers, Metals, Ceramics, Natural Biomaterials) and Applications (Cardiovascular, Orthopedic, Dental,... 

In principle, the functionalization strategies presented may not be limited to fnnctionalization of polyesters. One can, for instance, envisage the incorporation of polyester segments as chain extenders of soft segments in poly(urethanes), thereby providing access to functional groups in an important class of biomaterial especially for cardiovascular applications. 

Yakacki, C.M., Shandas, R., Lanning, C., Rech, B., Eckstein, A., and Gall, K. (2007) Unconstrained recovery characterization of shape-memory polymer networks for cardiovascular applications. Biomaterials, 28, 2255-2263. 

Yakacki CM et al (2007) Unconstrained recovery characterization of shape-memory polymer networks for cardiovascular applications. Biomaterials 28(14) 2255-2263... 

Biomaterials have many cardiovascular applications (that is, pertaining to the heart, blood, and blood vessels). Heart valve implants are often mechanical devices. The presentation of a smooth surface is important, to reduce blood clotting and the loss of red blood cells. Vascular grafts are commonly constructed of Dacron a polyester material that integrates with surrounding tissues. Artifi-... 

Homsy, C.A. and Armeniades, C.D., Eds., 1972. Biomaterials for skeletal and cardiovascular applications, /. Biomed. Mater. Symp., No. 3, John Wiley Sons, New York. 

Biomaterials have played a vital role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, examples of applications including heart valve prostheses, vascular grafts, stents, indwelling catheters, ventricular assist devices, total implantable artificial heart, pacemakers, automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator, intraaortic balloon pump, and more. A key requirement for materials in cardiovascular applications, particularly blood-contacting devices, is blood compatibility, that is, nonthrombogenic. Additional requirements include mechanical and surface properties that are application specific. Surveying the field of polymers used in cardiovascular applications reveals that PUs, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and expanded PTFE (ePTFE) are the most commonly used. This section will review each of the three polymers followed by a brief introduction of other emerging polymers for use in the cardiovascular area. 

Cardiovascular applications HA increases the blood compatibilities of cardiovascular implants such as vascular grafts and stents. For example, biomaterial surfaces treated with cross-linked HA have been associated with reduced platelet adhesion and thrombus formation... 

The arrangement of the revised and expanded Chapters in this volume differs considerably from the original order in the symposium in an attempt to make the book more consistent in its development of this broad topic. Basically these thirty five papers have been grouped into four categories (1) General Biomaterial Applications of Polymers, (2) Cardiovascular Applications of Polymers, (3) Applications of Polymers in Medication and (4) Dental Applications of Polymers. Frequently there is some overlap of the information in one section with that in another section. This is unavoidable and even desirable to an extent. Very often a material used in one application could also have utility in a totally different area. 

Biomaterials are synthetic and naturally occurring materials that are foreign to the body but are used to replace a diseased organ or tissue or augment or assist a partially functioning organ or tissue. Cardiovascular, orthopedic, and dental applications are some of the most common areas in which biomaterials are employed. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Biomaterial applications such as dermal implant, carrier of drugs, cell culture matrix, wound dressing, material for hybrid organ, drug delivery system, soft contact lens, tissue implants, cardiovascular graft, artificial heart, etc. Synthetic sausage casings in food industry. ... 

This chapter addresses the application of polymeric biomaterials in the context of implantable devices intended for long-term functionality and permanent existence in the recipients. Basic concepts of biocompatibility as well as mechanical and structural compatibility are discussed to provide appropriate background for the understanding of polymer usage in cardiovascular, orthopedic, ophthalmologic, and dental prostheses. Furthermore, emerging classes... 

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