Biomass/wood combustion

The sum of EC and OM contributes another 20-27% (at urban sites) and 18-24% (rural) to the PM mass, with OM dominating EC at most sites. Like in the case of SIA, differences between rural and urban sites appear modest which is probably caused by a considerable natural (biogenic) input. A study by ten Brink et al. [13] on the presence of 14C in PM filter samples revealed that at least 64% of the organic carbon measured at an urban Dutch site was contemporary (i.e. emissions from biogenic material and biomass wood combustion). 

Mar et al. (2006) reported on results of a workshop in which factor analyses from nine different practitioners were generated for the Phoenix area. Six groups identified six factors (soil/crustal material traffic [gasoline and/or diesel] secondary sulfate biomass/wood combustion sea salt and copper smelters). Two of the factor analyses identified four factors, and one identified but two factors. 

Nussbaumer T., Wood Combustion , in Advances in Thermochemica Biomass Conversion 1, ed. Bridgwater A.V., Blackie Academic Professional (London), 575-589 (1993). 

Klippel N, Nussbaumer T (2007) Health relevance of particles from wood combustion in comparison to Diesel soot. In 15th European biomass conference, Berlin 7-11 May 2007... 

When biomass is combusted under normal conditions, a flame is produced as visible radiation, provided oxidation occurs at a sufficient rate. By use of thermodynamic data, the theoretical temperature at which the products of combustion form under adiabatic, reversible conditions can be calculated. The theoretical flame temperature for the combustion of wood of various moisture... 

The test rig at IVD (50 kWth) and the Delft PDU (1.5 MWth) were operated successfully with respect to pressurised gasification, high temperature gas cleanup and combustion of biomass (wood and Miscanthus) and brown coal derived LCV gas. 

Nussbaumer Th. (1994) Wood Combustion, International Conference on Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, A.V, Brigwater (Ed.), Blackie Academic Professional, pp. 575-589,1994, ISBN 0 7514 0171 4... 

U. Wieser and C. K.. Gaegauf, Nanoparticle emissions of wood combustion processes, June 2000, Sevilla, 1st World Conference and Exhibition on Biomass for Energy and Industry,. 

Pedersen AJ. (2003). Characterization and electrodialytic treatment of wood combustion fly ash for the removal of cadmium. Biomass Bioenergy 25 447-458. 

Biomass. Wood and peat are studied in several countries as a potential fuel for power generation. In a study of a small 2 MW hot water boiler, the combustion of wood and peat gave emission factors of 2 mg and 15 mg PAH per kg fuel, respectively (34). 

Biomass wood with less than 50% moisture can be heated in the presence of air and gasified. The gas produced can be used to run internal combustion engines and also used as a gas fuel and for other purposes. When used in the internal combustion engine, the gas must be cleaned thoroughly as the several chemical contaminates it contains corrode engines and reduce its efficiency. 

Most electricity from biofuels is generated by direct combustion. Wood fuels are burned in stoker boilers, and mill waste lignin is combusted in special burners. Plants are generally small, being less than 50 MW in capacity. There is considerable interest in combustion of biomass in a process called cofiring, when biomass is added to traditional fuels for electricity production. Cofiring is usually done by adding biomass to coal, but biomass also can be cofired with... 

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