Biologically derived succinic acid

Nghiem et al., An Integrated Process for the Production of Chemicals from Biologically Derived Succinic Acid, A.C.S. Symposium Series, 2001, vol.748, pp. 160-173. 

An Integrated Process for the Production of Chemicals from Biologically Derived Succinic Acid... 

Orjuela A, Yanez AJ, Peereboom L, Lira CT, Miller DJ (2011) A novel process for recovery of fermentation-derived succinic acid. Sep Purif Technol 83 31-37 Otero JM, Cimini D, Patil KR, Poulsen SG, Olsson L, Nielsen J (2013) Industrial systems biology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables novel succinic acid cell factory. PLoS One 8 1-10 Ponnampalam E (1999) Purification of organic acids using anion exchange chromatography. Patent WO9944707... 

Oxyrase.. We must also consider the Oxyrase svstem for o.xvgen removal. This is presently derived from Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtil is, but could be derived from other sources too, such as various yeasts (J. Copeland, Oxyrase Inc., personal communication), making the system potentially suitable for use in foods. Because of the diversity of enzymes in this system, the presence of such substrates as lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid, or a-glveerophosphate, tound in virtually any biological tissue, can effect deoxygenation and attendant stabilization or restriction on 1 he growth of aerobic oiganisms. 

The squalestatins, e.g. 6.28, also known as the zaragozic adds, have attracted considerable interest as inhibitors of squalene synthase and hence of cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid deposition in the circulatory system. They are also inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase and thus they may have other potentially useful biological applications. They are formed by Phoma spedes and also by Setosphaeria khartoumensis. The squalestatins are characterized by a dioxabicyclo-octane core bearing three carboxyl groups and two polyketide chains, one of which is attached as an ester. The biosynthetic incorporation of succinic acid into part of the bicyclo-octane, together with its oxygenation pattern, indicate that it may be derived via oxaloacetic acid. Both the polyketide chains have several pendant methyl groups attached to them, which arise from methionine, whilst benzoic add ads as a starter unit for one of the chains. These complex structures are thus the summation of several biosynthetic pathways. 

Dideoxy-adenosine, -inosine, and -cytidine have been determined in biological samples by both reversed-phase and ion-pair reversed-phase methods. An ion-pair (Bu" N ) reversed-phase analysis of purine nucleosides, bases, nucleotides, dinucleotides, and nucleoside derivatives (adenosyl-homocysteine, -succinate, and -methionine) from acid-extracted tissues was undertaken to investigate adenosine reservoirs in rats on treatment with a metabolic inhibitor which blocks adenosine transport. 

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