Biological treatment technology

In September 1991, CPE VIII was convened in Lublin, Poland. The technical presentations were original and informative, with the major topics being chemical/physical/biological treatment technologies, monitoring, modeling, and risk assessment. 

Alleman, B. C. and Leeson, A. (editors), 1999b, Bioreactor and Ex Situ Biological Treatment Technologies. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, Vol. 5, No. 5, 221 pp. 

For the site of the trickling pond, a site-specific strategy for the remediation was established. Flighly contaminated hot spots were excavated to protect the groundwater. The applied biological treatment technology was tested in pilot scale on site. A feasibility study was done for the estimation of remediation time and TNT reduction which can be achieved by biological transformation. 

Fig. 1. Alternative wastewater treatment technologies, where GAC = granular activated carbon, PAC = powdered activated carbon, POTW = publicly owned treatment works, and RBC = rotating biological contactor (— ), wastewater return flows (—— ), sludge.

Heavy Metals Removal. Heavy metals should be removed prior to biological treatment or use of other technologies which generate sludges to avoid comingling metal sludges with other, nonhazardous sludges. 

Wastewaters containing chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are very toxic for aquatic system even at concentrations of ppm levels [1] thus, appropriate treatment technologies are required for processing them to non-toxic or more biologically amenable intermediates. Catalytic wet oxidation can offer an alternative approach to remove a variety of such toxic organic materials in wet streams. Numerous supported catalysts have been applied for the removal of aqueous organic wastes via heterogeneous wet catalysis [1,2]. 

Although some of the examples used for illustration in Chapter 14 impinge on biological wastewater treatment technology, a systematic acconnt of these lies beyond the scope of this volume and the competence of the anthors. It is worth noting, however, that anaerobic reactors that are developed to treat wastewater with the object of producing methane may... 

In situ groundwater treatment is an alternative to the conventional pump-and-treat methods. In situ treatment uses biological or chemical agents or physical manipulations that degrade, remove, or immobilize contaminants. In situ treatment technologies can usually treat both contaminated groundwater and soil. In many instances a combination of in situ and aboveground treatment will achieve the most cost-effective treatment at an uncontrolled waste site. 

The technology for in situ biological treatment for soil is similar to that for in situ biological ground-water treatment. The following sections present three newly developed techniques. 

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