Biological research molecular mechanisms

All these techniques provide important clues to protein function. However, they do not replace classical biochemistry. They simply provide researchers with an expedited entree into important new biological problems. In the end, a detailed functional understanding of any new protein requires traditional biochemical analyses—such as were used for the many well-studied proteins described in this text. When paired with the simultaneously evolving tools of biochemistry and molecular biology, genomics and proteomics are speeding the discovery not only of new proteins but of new biological processes and mechanisms. 

For the present state of the investigations, the molecular mechanism of the Pr - Pfr transformation has been studied in far greater detail than the reverse process. The results include the work by a large number of biological, physical and organic chemical research groups, achieved over many years. Figure 14 may serve as a means to summarize the experimental observations and to mechanistically interpret them within the hypothetical framework. Both some fundamental aspects and a number of details of what has been unravelled of this complex reaction sequence require further experimental scrutiny—and eventually partial revision of the scheme. 

The AhR was discovered in mice and much of the initial research to define its biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action was performed in this animal model (104) more recently other models have been used (105). The studies in mice indicate that the AhR gene is located on mouse chromosome 12, is constitutively expressed in many cell types and regulated in a tissue-cell, developmental- and chemical-specific manner (77). Over the years, studies to define the biological effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, benzpyrene, TCDD, and related toxicants have focused on the induction of CYP1A1 activity. 

Hederstedt L, Ohnishi T (1992) Progress in succinate quinone oxidoreductase research. In Ernster L (ed) Molecular mechanisms in bioenergetics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 163-198 Henze K, Martin W (2003) Evolutionary biology essence of mitochondria. Nature 426 127-128 Hoffmeister M, van der Klei A, Rotte C, van Grinsven KW, Van Hellemond JJ, Henze K, Tielens AGM, Martin W (2004) Euglena gracilis rhodoquinone ubiquinone ratio and mitochondrial proteome differ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. J Biol Chem 279 22422-22429... 

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