Biological Oxygen Demand BOD

Data on biological oxygen demand versus time are usually modeled by the following equation 

As seen the model for the BOD is identical in mathematical form with the model given by Equation 4.17. 

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Toxic or malodorous pollutants can be removed from industrial gas streams by reaction with hydrogen peroxide (174,175). Many Hquid-phase methods have been patented for the removal of NO gases (138,142,174,176—178), sulfur dioxide, reduced sulfur compounds, amines (154,171,172), and phenols (169). Other effluent treatments include the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and COD, color, odor (142,179,180), and chlorine concentration. 

Sewer Disposal. Photoprocessing and printing wastes tend to be aqueous solutions that ate combined with other plant effluents and sent to the local sewer plant for treatment. The parameters of concern include silver, pH, and biological oxygen demand (BOD). BOD is a measure of how well a waste material degrades in the environment. Lower values ate preferred. Silver-bearing waste streams ate typically treated on-site, and the treated effluent is released to the drain. The printer usually receives a small cash credit for silver recovered. 

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) in aqueous streams for both butanals is 1.62 wt/wt for five days (42). The NFPA Hazard classification (42) ... 

Industrial wastewater Process effluent treatment to meet environmental discharge standards Reduction of total organic halogens (TOX), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD)... 

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)—Limit BOD to 25 ppm, particularly if suspended solids exceed 25 ppm. 

A measure of the total organic material present in slurries can be obtained by determining chemical oxygen demand (COD) or biological oxygen demand (BOD) (3) and the latter measure is used by Water Authorities in relation to the pollution of water courses where oxygen tension in the water is a prime concern. In studies to evaluate aerobic digestion as a means of odour reduction, the dissolved volatile fatty acids are a useful measure of the potential odour nuisance (2). 

High content of organic matter, which contributes to the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and depletion of dissolved oxygen in the receiving ecosystems. 

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) in aqueous streams for both butanals is 1.62 wt/wt for five days (42). The NFPA Hazard classification (42) for both aldehydes are health (blue) 2 flammability (red) 3 and reactivity (yellow) 0. The flammability characteristics of the butanals are given in Table 7. The flash points for the butanals are well below room temperature. Thus, precautions must be taken to avoid heat, sparks, or open flame. ... 

Toxicity data on niobium and its compounds are sparse. The most common materials, e.g., niobium concentrates, ferroniobium, niobium metal and niobium alloys, appear to be relatively inert biologically. Limited animal experiments show high toxicity for some salts, which arc related to disturbance of enzyme action, Niobium hydride lias moderate fibiogenic and general toxic action. Recommended maximum allowable concentrations arc 6 mg/m3. Recommended maximum permissible concentration of Nb ill reservoir water is 0.01 mg/L. The threshold for affecting clarity and biological oxygen demand (BOD) is 0.1 mg/L. 

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilus, Trichosporon cutaneum, Thermophilic organisms 86,87,88,89 90... 

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