Decontamination biological

Mason TJ, Joyce E, Phull SS, Lorimer JP (2003) Potential uses of ultrasound in the biological decontamination of water. Ultrason Sonochem 10 319-323... 

National Institute of Justice. Guide for the Selection of Chemical and Biological Decontamination Equipment for Emergency First Responders, NIJ Guide 103-00. Vol. 1. Washington, DC Government Printing Office, October 2001. 

N. Marmiroli et al (eds.), Advanced Science and Technology for Biological Decontamination of Sites Affected by Chemical and Radiological Nuclear Agents, 03—14. 2007 Springer. 

There is a strong need to train of new professionals in commercial or governmental initiatives, and teach them mastery the scientific background of biological decontamination and specific features of in-field applications. As the most relevant pollution problems are localised in the less developed countries, training per se may not suffice. 

Interaction of scientists and technicians with state and governmental agencies, regulators, economists, and evaluators is of paramount importance. The need to communicate and understand each other by sharing goals and objectives and develop priorities for successful implementation of biological decontamination practices. 

EtnO has also been used as a disinfectant or fumigant (Ref 17, p 1081 Ref 18), Technical EtnO mixed with some carbon dioxide or ch loro flu oro hydrocarbons (to remove the expln hazard) is intended for use as a biological decontaminant (See Ref 19). 

Military Specification MIL-E-52171, 27 April 1961 and Amendment 1, 6 October 1961. Material described in this test is used with added carbon dioxide or chlorofluorohydro-carbons (to prevent expln hazard) as a biological decontaminant... 

Gordon, R., Baker, K., Askins, L., Ratcliffe, R., Lindsay, D., Owens, R. et al. (2006). Chemical warfare agents (organophosphates and vesicant) and biological decontamination and detoxification using polyurethane sponges. Toxicologist 9fS 393. 

Sorbent Decon includes a family of chemical/biological decontaminants that increase decontamination efficiency. It will be less caustic than DS-2 with no water requirements. Development goals include improved time/labor requirements by neutralizing with less contact time and no scrubbing. There will be less environmental/ health risks and improved storage stability with a minimum service life of 10 years. 

A compromise solution to these problems has been sought in the use of micelles and emulsions, both of which have been examined as potential liquid decontamination media. The best studied of a number of such systems are the German emulsion with the code name a microemulsion system MCBD (multi-purpose chemical, biological decontaminant) and the phase-transfer system by Ramsden et All of these systems use tetra-chloroethane as the organic phase and active chlorine as the decontaminant. 

---