Bioimaging microscopy

CARS microscopy has emerged as a highly sensitive analytical tool for vibrational bioimaging, predominantly, of lipids in membrane model systems [69, 81-84], live unstained cells [85-95, 43], and both ex vivo and in vivo tissues [26, 96-103, 43]. Examples of CARS imaging applications in the physical and material sciences include the study of fracture dynamics in drying silica nanoparticle suspensions [104], patterned polymeric photoresist film [105], drug molecules in a polymer matrix [106], and liquid crystals [107, 108],... 

An example of the utility of the time-resolved technique in eliminating the interference from background fluorescence in bioimaging is shown in Figure 13.17b. Nagano and coworkers compared time-resolved luminescence microscopy with conventional microscopy using live cultured HeLa cells injected with a Eu + complex Eu-36 (or Eu-37). In the prompt fluorescence images, both the luminescence of Eu-36 (or Eu-37) and weak autofluorescence from... 

S.W. Hell, J. Soukka, P.E. Hanninen, Two- and multiphoton detection as an imaging mode and means of increasing the resolution in far-fleld light microscopy. Bioimaging 3, 65-69 (1995)... 

Fluorescence imaging on the nanoscale Bioimaging using near-field scanning optical microscopy (Johnston, 39, 191-210)... 

H. Kano, H.T.M. van der Voort, M. Schrader, G.M.R van Kampen, S.W. Hell, Avalanche photodiode detection with object scanning and image restoration provides 2-4 fold resolution increase in two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Bioimaging 4, 187 (1996)... 

Bharali DJ, Lucey DW, Jayakumar H, Pudavar HE, Prasad PN (2(K)5) Folate-receptor-mediated delivery of InP quantum dots for bioimaging using confocal and two-photon microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 127 11364... 

Multiphoton or two-photon laser scanning microscopy is an alternative to confocal and time-resolved microscopy for bioimaging applications. The principle has been discussed in Lanthanides Luminescence Applications and concerns a two-photon excitation from the simultaneous absorption of two photons in a single quantized event. A bioprobe that normally absorbs ultraviolet light (Xex = 350 nm) can also be excited by two photons of NIR light, at 700 nm (the wavelength is twice that required for one-photon excitation). These two photons must interact simultaneously, which means in a very small lapse time. The instrumentation requires pulse lasers to provide sufficient power, as the photon density must... 

Sheppard, C. (1996). Image formation in three-photon fluorescence microscopy. Bioimaging, 4 124 -128. 

Jung, G., Wiehler, J., Gohde, W, Tttel, J., Basch, T, Steipe, B., and Brauchle, C., Confocal microscopy of single molecules of the green fluorescent protein. Bioimaging, 6, 54-61, 1998. 

Pichaandi J., J. C. Boyer, K. R. Delaney and F. C. J. M. van Veggel, Two-Photon Upconversion Laser (Scanning and Wide-Field) Microscopy Using Ln(3-l-)-Doped NaYF4 Upconverting Nanocrystals A Critical Evaluation of their Performance and Potential in Bioimaging, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 19054-19064 (2011). 

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