Biogenic flux

Platt, T. and Harrison, W. G. (1985). Biogenic fluxes of carbon and oxygen in the ocean. Nature 318,55-58. 

Dimmer CH, Simmonds PG, Nickless G, Bassford MR (2001) Biogenic Fluxes of Halomethanes from Irish Peatland Ecosystems. Atmos Environ 35 321... 

Biogenic Flux in Metric Tons of Sulfur COS CS2 DMDS DMS H2S... 

Approximately fifty percent of global biogenic flux of S to the atmosphere is derived from natural emissions of DMS which has been shown to have a significant effect on global climate patterns. 

Dimmer C. H., Simmonds P. G., Nickless G., and Bassford M. R. (2001) Biogenic fluxes of halomethanes from Irish peatland ecosystems. Atmos. Environ. 35, 321-330. 

For this reason Pb has been used as a tracer of the precipitation fate of S04. Turekian et al. (1989) used the S04 / Pb ratio in aerosols and the flux of °Pb measured in bucket collections to determine the SO flux across the Pacific Ocean. Further, they showed that the S04 / Pb in aerosols from regions of high biological productivity was higher than for normal relatively unpolluted air (Table 3) indicating a sulfate source from the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). The measured flux of DMS from the oceans at the equator matched the biogenic flux determined from the °Pb calculation (Table 4). (Actually, as we shall see below, this concordance is probably due to an underestimate of sulfate flux and an overestimate of the fraction of DMS oxidized to sulfate.)... 

Thorium-230 is also of great use as an independent constraint on the flux of biogenic material to the seafloor (Bacon, 1984 Suman and Bacon, 1989). Because the production rate of Th in the water column is essentially constant over space and time, its concentration in sinking particles is diluted in high-flux environments with a large biogenic flux to the seafloor, yielding lower sedimentary concentrations of in... 

Murray R. W., Leinen M., and Isern A. R. (1993) Biogenic flux of A1 to sediment in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean evidence for increased productivity during glacial periods. Paleoceanography 8(5), 651-670. 

There is a small non-biological source of methane, from serpentinization reactions in hydro-thermal systems around volcanoes, especially mid-ocean ridge systems (Holm Charlou 2001 Kelley et al. 2001). Early in the Earth s history this flux may have been greater, though still very small in comparison with modern biogenic fluxes. 

Murray RW, Leinen M, Isem AR (1993) Biogenic flux of A1 in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean Evidence for increased productivity during glacial periods. Paleoceanogr 8 651-670 Murray RW, Knowlton C, Leinen M, Mix AC, Polski CH (2000) Export production and carbonate dissolution in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 1 Ma. Paleoceanogr 15 570-592 Nancollas GH, Amjad Z, Koutsoukas P (1979) Calcium phosphates-speciation, solubility, and kinetic considerations. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser 93 475-497... 

Table 5.2 provides a summary of the environments in which eddy covariance measurements of VOC fluxes using PTR-MS have been made. For convenience and for completeness other methodologies for determining biogenic flux using PTR-MS and ecosystem types other than forests, such as alfalfa fields [81], are included in the table. 

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