Biofuels combustion

Biofuels combustion resulted in the generation of significantly lower SO2 con jared to those from coal partly due to the low sulfur content of biomass compared to that of coal. In the case of the biofuel/coal blend, it can be expected that the lime (CaO), generated in the combustion of biofuels, also reduces the SO2 emissions from the coal combustion according to the sulfur capture reaction below (6, 8) ... 

F Klingsredt, A Kalantar Neyestanaki, R Byggningsbacka, L-E Lindfors, M Lunden, M Petersson, P Tengstrom, T Ollonqvist, J Vayrynen, Palladium based catalysts for exhaust aftertreatment of natural gas powered vehicles and biofuels combustion, Appl. Catal. A General, 209 301 - 316,2001. 

Other factors that can modify the adsorption phenomena will also be considered. Special emphasis will be placed on estimating the competitions for adsorption among the molecules that are present in the real reaction mixtures, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Indeed, the addition of biofuel to gasoline or diesel fuel can lead to new reactions or to deactivation [24,28,95]. It is, therefore, important to evaluate their impact on catalyst activity and more particularly the influence of the presence of molecules that are typically observed upon biofuel combustion (namely aldehydes but also trace amounts of K and P) on mechanisms, kinetics, and activation temperatures. 

Klingstedt, R, Neyestanaki, A., Lindfors, L., etal. (2000). Hydrothermally stable catalysts for the removal of emissions from small-scale biofuel combustion systems. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 70, pp. 3-9. 

J.G.J. Olivier et al., Description of EDGAR Version 2 (RIVM Report 771060002, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands, 1996) at http //www. rivm.nl. An update is presented by J.A. van Aardenne et al.(Global Biogeochem. Cycles, in press. The EDGAR estimates of Asian CO emissions from biofuel combustion are about 20 % lower compared with the inventory by D.G. Streets and S.T. Waldhoff [Energy, 24 841 (1999)]. 

The plants impact the environment mainly through emissions from biofuel combustion, surface runoff from timber storage, noise fi om production and transport, and waste management. 

It is evident that species involved in biofuel combustion will require different model compounds than those involved in HC fuel combustion. An important topic of investigation for the combustion chemistry community is how much the available data pertinent to HC combustion will overlap with the data necessary for modeling alternative fuel combustion. In the past few years, model compounds for alternative fuels have seen s pificandy increased interest from computational and experimental perspectives Lai et al. and Tran et al. have provided informative reviews in this r ard. Within the past few years, in particular, a variety of model compounds have been investigated in the hope of better understanding first- and second-generation biofuels. 

Westbrook CK. Biofuels combustion. Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2013 64 201-219. Curran HJ, Gaffuri P, Pitz Westbrook CK. A comprehensive modeling study of K-heptane oxidation. Combust Elame. 1998 114 149-177. 

Naik SN, Goud W, Rout PK, Dalai AK. Production of first and second generation biofuels a comprehensive review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2010 14 578-597. Kohse-Hoinghairs K, OBwald P, Cool TA, et al. Biofuel combustion chemistry from ethanol to biodiesel. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2010 49 3572-3597. 

Lucassen A, Labbe N, Westmoreland PR, Kohse-Hoinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and fuel-nitrogen conversion in a laminar premixed flame of morpholine as a model biofuel. Combust Flame. 2011 158 1647-1666. 

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