Biofuel production integrated biorefineries

The significant advances that have been made in the implementation of the biorefinery concept with the production of biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel from sugar cane, corn starch and plant oils, have set a solid foundation for the expansion of the concept into other applications such as chemicals and will help to reach the goal of integrated biorefineries. 

Subhadra, B.G., 2010. Sustainability of algal biofuel production using integrated renewable energy park (IREP) and algal biorefinery approach. Energy RoHcy 38, 5892-5901. 

Integrated biorefineries making biofuel along with other high-added value products... 

The biorefinery scheme was developed initially for carbohydrate-containing feedstocks. Large biorefineries are currently operating in the USA (e.g., Cargill at Blair, Nebraska) and in Europe (e.g., Roquette Frs. at Lestrem, France). The concept can be extended to produce chemicals from other renewable feedstocks. An integrated production of oleochemicals and biofuels can be achieved in biorefineries using vegetables oils as main feedstock to produce versatile platform mole-... 

A biorefinery maximizes the value derived from the complex biomass feedstock by (a) optimal use and valorization of feedstock, (b) optimization and integration of processes for better efficiency, and (c) optimization of inputs (water, energy, etc.) and waste recycling/treatment. Integrated production of bioproducts, especially for bulk chemicals, biofuels, biolubricants and polymers, can improve their competitiveness and eco-efficiency. However, although a few examples of biorefineries already exist (Chapters 3 and 6), many improvements are still needed to enhance the process [5] ... 

The biorefinery concept is analogous to the modem petrochemical refinery, which is an integrated system of the production of fuels and other value-added products from the biological conversion of various fractions of biomass at different process conditions. A broader classification of the commercial products obtained by the biochemical conversion route is enlisted in Table 25.1. The demand for biofuels will increase to 180/XX) milUon liters, out of which bioethanol constitutes 73% of the demand (Dutta et al., 2012). The increasing demand for biofuels is mainly... 

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