Biodegradation of aromatic compounds

Fuchs G, MBS Mohame, U Alenschmidt, J Koch, A Lack, R Brackmann, C Lochmeyer, B Oswald (1994) Biochemistry of anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds. In Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation (Ed C Ratledge), pp. 513-553. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 

Stucki, G., Alexander, M. (1987) Role of dissolution rate and solubility in biodegradation of aromatic compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 292-297. 

Degner, P., Nendza, M., and Klein, W., Predictive QSAR models for estimating biodegradation of aromatic compounds, Sci. Total Environ., 109, 253-259, 1991. 

Examples of the aerobic biodegradation pathways of hydrocarbons are shown in Figs 7.5—7.7 (anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds has been reviewed by Heider Fuchs 1997a, b). Biodegradation proceeds quite rapidly in subaerial environments, eventually leading to the removal of all the major components that can be resolved by gas chromatography (see Section 4.5.3a and Box 4.3). However, another... 

Possibly the most significant discovery in the metabolism of aromatic azo compounds had implications that heralded the age of modem chemotherapy. It was shown that the bactericidal effect of the azo dye Prontosil in vivo was in fact due to the action of its transformation product, sulfanilamide, which is an antagonist of 4-aminobenzoate that is required for the synthesis of the vitamin folic acid. Indeed, this reduction is the typical reaction involved in the first stage of the biodegradation of aromatic azo compounds. 

Delnavaz M, Ayati B, Ganjidoust H (2008) Biodegradation of aromatic amine compounds using moving bed biofilm reactors. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 5(4) 243-250... 

Fig. 21. Aerobic biodegradation pathways of aromatic compounds by bacteria and fungi...

Fewson, C.A. Biodegradation of aromatics with industrial relevance, in FEMS Symp. No. 12. Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics and Recalcitrant Compounds, 12 141-179,1981. 

Gibson, S. A. Suflita,J. M. (1986). Extrapolation of biodegradation results to groundwater aquifers reductive dehalogenation of aromatic compounds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52, 681-8. 

Chlorinated aromatic compounds are hazardous compounds that result from various industrial and agricultural activities. Water disinfection, waste incineration, and uncontrolled use of biocides are the major sources of chlorinated aromatics in the environment. Chlorinated compounds are also formed as subproducts of the biochemical reactions of herbicides containing chlorophe-noxy compounds. Treatment of chlorinated compounds has been studied using biological treatment, adsorption, air stripping, and incineration. Biodegradation of chlorinated compounds is a slow process that is ineffective for extremely low concentrations. Air stripping and adsorption simply trans-... 

In terms of C9-Cn and corresponding range of aromatic compounds, there is a similarity to Class 1 oils (Figures 4 and 5), an observation which would be consistent with a common source. However, there is a difference in the normal alkane distribution when Class 4 oils are compared to Class 1 or Class 2 oils. Class 4 oils have a lower benzene and toluene content and appear more biodegraded relative to Class 1 oils (see Tables I and III). The Class 4 oils are all in a Miocene reservoir, the L-5, which is in permeable contact with the Eocene B sands below. Other oils in the area do not show the same normal alkane distribution, but these differences are insufficient to invoke a separate source rock. The TJ-210 oil (Class 5) is also reservoired in an L-5 sand and is unusual in that it is depleted in normal alkanes between C9 and C13 (Figure 2). It is possible that the Class 5 and the Class 4 oils are related by some process of natural distillation as reported (6) for Trinidad oils. In this process the light ends (C15+)... 

Table 1. Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds under denitrifying conditions by a mixed wastewater culture.

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