Aromatic compounds biodegradability

Yang H, Jiang Z, Shi S. Aromatic compounds biodegradation under anaerobic conditions and their QSBR models. Sci Total Environ 2006 358 265-76. 

Rieske dioxygenases are key enzymes in many bacterial aromatic compound biodegradation pathways, and researchers have taken advantage of their broad specificities and malleability by modifying enzymes and using them to create new biodegradation pathways. 

FLUORINECOMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - FLUORINATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS] (Volll) -biodegradation [POLYTffiRS, ENVIRONTffiNTALLYDEGRADABLE] (Vol 19)... 

The signiflcance of toxic metabolites is important in diverse metabolic situations (a) when a pathway results in the synthesis of a toxic or inhibitory metabolite, and (b) when pathways for the metabolism of two (or more) analogous substrates supplied simultaneously are incompatible due to the production of a toxic metabolite by one of the substrates. A number of examples are provided to illustrate these possibilities that have achieved considerable attention in the context of the biodegradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds (further discussion is given in Chapter 9, Part 1) ... 

Selifonov SA, PJ Chapman, SB Akkerman, JE Gurst, JM Bortiatynski, MA Nanny, PG Hatcher (1998) Use of nuclear magnetic resonance to assess fossil fuel biodegradation fate of [l- C]acenaphthene in creosote polycyclic aromatic compound mixtures degraded by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 1447-1453. 

Reineke W, H-J Knackmuss (1978) Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Substituent effects on 1,2-dioxygenation of benzoic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 542 412-423. 

Fuchs G, MBS Mohame, U Alenschmidt, J Koch, A Lack, R Brackmann, C Lochmeyer, B Oswald (1994) Biochemistry of anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds. In Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation (Ed C Ratledge), pp. 513-553. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 

Stucki, G., Alexander, M. (1987) Role of dissolution rate and solubility in biodegradation of aromatic compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53, 292-297. 

Fig. 21. Aerobic biodegradation pathways of aromatic compounds by bacteria and fungi...

Benzoic acid, a common food preservative, may be a suitable substrate to achieve biostimulation. It is a relatively inexpensive, harmless aromatic compound that has been previously used in analogue enrichment1 schemes to enhance biodegradation of the aromatic herbicide, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA) [336]. Benzoate ion is also an intermediate in the toluene pathway and it can induce related enzymes involved in the degradation of toluene and m-and p-xylenes [336]. In addition, the anionic nature of benzoic acid would minimize its retardation and facilitate its distribution when injected into an... 

Healy JB Jr, Young LY. 1979. Anaerobic biodegradation of eleven aromatic compounds to methane. Appl Environ Microbiol 38 84-89. 

Armenante, P. M., Kafkewitz, D., Lewandowski, G. Kung, C-M. (1992). Integrated anaerobic-aerobic process for the biodegradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Environmental Progress, 11, 113—22. 

Aronstein, B. A., Calvillo, Y. M. Alexander, M. (1991). Effect of surfactants at low concentrations on the desorption and biodegradation of sorbed aromatic compounds in soil. Environmental Science Technology, 25, 1728-31. 

Explosives and related compounds have become widely recognized as serious environmental contaminants. Among the nitrosubstituted aromatic compounds causing particular concern are 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid), and many nitro- and/or amino-substituted aromatics that result from the manufacture and transformation of explosives. The threat posed by the presence of these compounds in soil and water is the result of their toxicity and is compounded by their recalcitrance to biodegradation. 

Chatterjee, D. K., Kellogg, S. T., Watkins, D. R. Chakrabarty, A. M. (1981). Plasmids in the biodegradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. In Molecular Biology, Pathogenicity, and Ecology of Bacterial Plasmids, ed. S. B. Levy, R. C. Clowes E. L. Koenig, pp. 519-28. New York Plenum Press. 

Gibson, S. A. Suflita,J. M. (1986). Extrapolation of biodegradation results to groundwater aquifers reductive dehalogenation of aromatic compounds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 52, 681-8. 

Dorn, E. and Knackmuss, H.J., Chemical structure and biodegradability of haloge-nated aromatic compounds substituted effects on 1,2-dioxygenation of catechol, Biochem.., 174, 85, 1978. 

Chlorinated aromatic compounds are hazardous compounds that result from various industrial and agricultural activities. Water disinfection, waste incineration, and uncontrolled use of biocides are the major sources of chlorinated aromatics in the environment. Chlorinated compounds are also formed as subproducts of the biochemical reactions of herbicides containing chlorophe-noxy compounds. Treatment of chlorinated compounds has been studied using biological treatment, adsorption, air stripping, and incineration. Biodegradation of chlorinated compounds is a slow process that is ineffective for extremely low concentrations. Air stripping and adsorption simply trans-... 

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