Biodegradable magnesium alloys

Persaud-Sharma, D. and McGoron, A. (2012) Biodegradable magnesium alloys a review of material development and applications. 

The polarisation resistance can be related to the rate of general corrosion for metals at or near their corrosion potential, corr. Polarisation resistance measurements are an accurate and rapid way to measure the general corrosion rate (CR) of bioinert Ti alloys, biotolerant austenitic surgical steels or biodegradable magnesium alloys. 

Various analytical methods have been used to determine the elemental components of biodegradable magnesium alloys (Mg, Al, Li, Zn, REE) in histological sections, bone, tissue and body fluids (Witte et al., 2008b) (see Table 10.2). The application of these methods for trace and ultra-trace analysis in small sample volumes is hampered by several problems. The typical concentrations of the elements mentioned above range from < 1 p.g/L to about 1 mg/L in serum and from < 1 mg/kg up to about 500 mg/kg for example in liver and bone. Thus, the sensitivity of several analytical methods... 

Witte, F., Abeln, I., Switzer, E, Kaese, V., Meyer-Lindenberg, A. Windhagen, H. (2008a) Evaluation of the skin sensitizing potential of biodegradable magnesium alloys. J Biomedi Mater Res Part A, 86A, 1041-7. 

X.M., Li, Q., and Yang, K. (2014) Effect of preparation parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite containing micro-arc oxidation coatings on biodegradable ZI<60 magnesium alloy. Ceram. Int. doi 10.1016/j.ceramint. 2014.02.104... 

Song, G (2007a), Control of biodegradation of biocompatible magnesium alloys . Corrosion Science, 49, 1696-1701. 

Mao, L., Shen, L., Niu, J., et al. Nanophasic biodegradation enhances the durability and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys for the next-generation vascular stents. Nanoscale 5, 9517-9522 (2013). doi 10.1039/c3nr02912c... 

Ratna Sunil, B., Kumar, T.S.S., Chakkingal, U., Nandakumar, V., Doble, M., 2014. Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced AZ31 magnesium alloy by friction stir processing a solid state processing for biodegradable metal matrix composites. Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine 25, 975-988. 

Dorozhkin, S.V. (2014) Calcium orthophosphate coatings on magnesium and its biodegradable alloys. Acta Biomater., 10, 2919-2934. 

Aishvarya, V., and Dhindaw, B.K. (2013) Hydroxyapatite-coated magnesium-based biodegradable alloy cold spray deposition and simulated body fluid studies. /. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22 (10), 2997-3004. 

More than 100 different coronary stent types are known. Many of them are still available others have been suspended but can still be found in patients that were treated in the past. Stents can be composed of different material. Most products are made from stainless steel. Cobalt-chromium is another material used frequently. Tantalum and nitinol (nickel-titanium alloy) are also being used but less frequently. Stents from biodegradable materials such as magnesium are being evaluated in phase III studies. The degree of artifacts produced by stents from different materials depends largely on the atomic number of the material. Consequently, tantalum causes the strongest artifacts, followed by steel, cobalt-... 

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