Biocide registration

No revolutionary new biocidal products for cooling water systems are expected in the near future. The continuing emphasis is on the use of known biocidal products with benign environmental profile. New combinations will make maximum use of available biocide functional capabilities. 

Americal Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Atlanta, GA. Legionellosis position paper. 1998. 

ASTM E 645-97. Standard test method for effieacy of microbicides used in eooling systems. 

ASTM E1427-00. Standard Guide for seleeting test methods to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and other chemicals for the 

Bartolomew, R. D., 1998. Bromine-based biocides for cooling wafer systems. International Joint Power Generation Conference, 22, pp. 827-838. 

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Extremely long and costly biocide registration procedures... 

Bioddes in the United States have gone through a long registration process with the Environmental Protection Agency. As part of biocide registration, a very specific label is developed. Included on this label are statements regarding ... 

Prior to the 1990s phenyhnercuric acetate was the primary bactericide and fungicide in latex and waterborne paints. Because of the increasing concerns of mercury toxicity and the potential for high consumer and occupational exposures to mercury when present in paints, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) induced U.S. manufacturers of PMA and other mercury compounds to withdraw their registrations for use of these substances as biocides in paints (see AIercury). Mercury compounds are used only for very limited, specific purposes, such as the use of phenyhnercuric mXx.2LX.e[55-68-5] as a bactericide in cosmetic eye preparations (see Cosmetics). 

The use of biocides is in Europe controlled and regulated by the EU Biocidal Products Directive [15]. Registration of a biocide is expensive and only a few active biocide substances will in the future be available for the leather industry in the EU. The directive will include a list of active substances that are permitted to use by the leather industry (a so-called positive list). Many eco-labels and RSL does already today include restrictions of the use of some biocides. 

In US, AF products need a registration both at federal and at state level. Registration/regulation of AF paints is governed by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA (US, 2004) and administered by US Environmental Protection Agency. Extensive data packages need to be submitted by the biocide producers and the paint manufacturers. The decision for approval of products is based upon a risk benefit balance evaluation process. 

REACH. In 2003 the EU Commission proposed a new chemicals policy -REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals). The biocides used in AF products are still registered through the BPD, but the other paint constituents as with all other chemical constituents produced or imported > 1 ton/year on the European market will need to be partly or fully risk assessed under REACH. The legislation is expected to enter into force in 2007 (EU, 2003b). 

This directive is concerned with the authorisation and the placing on the market of biocidal products. It attempts to establish a list of active substances that may be used in biocidal products within the EC. In order to assess which substances should be included in the list, a system of registration, authorisation and periodic evaluation is legislated with this Directive. Once approved, active substances will be incorporated into Annex I of the directive. The system of registration is created for active substances, which pose a low riskfor humans, animals and the environment and will be incorporated in Annex lA. In Annex I B so called basic substances such as are listed. For products of higher concern, usually not an active substance, an authorisation system is established, that includes the formulation of dossiers on these products which need to be submitted to the respective national authority. In Annex I B... 

Competent Authorities on how to perform the administrative and scientific evaluation of applications for the authorisation/registration of biocidal products (the common principles . Annex VI). 

UK Draft TGD, Concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market Common principles and practical procedures for the authorisation and registration of products Version 4, May 1998. 

Most biocide products continue to be sold under some form of brand name, which often does not properly describe the active materials contained (although the precise active chemicals are normally listed in the health and safety sheets). However, increasingly around the world, it is becoming necessary to provide all relevant information on the product label, in an approved manner, and for the company whose name appears on the label to be properly subregistered with the relevant authorities. (This has been required in the United States for many years.) This original registration and... 

Retailers - General bans and restrictions in relation to supply and use - Substitution with less hazardous chemicals - Licenses imp/exp/ trade - Authorization (pesticides, biocides, others) - Registration of chemicals... 

The environmental risk assessment for the registration of human pharmaceuticals follows the principles that have been established for the regulation of pesticides, biocides, and chemicals.102 Data on the (chronic) toxicity of... 

In the EU, antibacterial plastics could be classified as Biocidal Products rmder the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) and the cost of registration could be as much as 200,000. 

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