Biochemical phenomena

PA Kollman. Free energy calculations Applications to chemical and biochemical phenomena. Chem Rev 93 2395-2417, 1992. 

The characteristics of s/p-orbital chemistry are associated, above all, with the atoms H, C, N, and O that dominate organic and biochemical phenomena. Hence, the discussion of bonding in s/p-block elements inevitably carries a bias toward organic chemistry, and toward the issues and controversies that continue to animate this most mature and advanced area of chemistry. Indeed, organic chemistry may be considered the cradle of covalency, where many principles of chemical bonding were first grasped and exploited. 

DNLM 1. Biochemical Phenomena. 2. Metabolism-physiology. QU 34 R326e 2009]... 

DNLM 1. Automatic Data Processing. 2. Biochemical Phenomena. 3. Neural Networks (Computer) QU 26.5 F478i 2010]... 

Proton transfer to negatively charged hydrogen atoms has attracted the attention of many chemists over the last two decades. This process plays an important role in many chemical and biochemical phenomena that occnr in the gas phase, in solution, and in the solid state [1-3], For example, direct proton attack on hydride ligands generates transition metal dihydrogen complexes which are then involved in various catalytic transformations [4] ... 

Kollman, P. 1993. Free Energy Calculations Applications to Chemical and Biochemical Phenomena ,... 

The idea that the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts present regions of graded activity helps also in the interpretation of certain biochemical phenomena. Quastel and Wooldridge, for example, find that a number of organic substances reduce methylene blue under the influence of Bacillus coli, and that when the bacillus is exposed to adverse conditions, it loses its activity not suddenly but step by step towards one after another of the substances. 

Regardless of these differences, organic chemistry and biochemistry overlap considerably. As a result, the principles that govern organic chemistry provide a strong foundation for exploring biochemical phenomena. Here we review... 

In chapter 2, thermodynamics is presented in a way that is most relevant to the consideration of biochemical phenomena. We chose to present the rather difficult topic of thermodynamics in the beginning of the text because thermodynamics is an important consideration in all aspects of biochemistry. The central role of ATP as the main carrier of free energy in biochemical systems is emphasized. 

Most of the important chemical phenomena associated with water do not occur in solution, but rather through interaction of solutes in water with other phases. Such interactions may involve exchange of solute species between water and sediments, gas exchange between water and the atmosphere, and effects of organic surface films. Substances dissolve in water from other phases, and gases are evolved and solids precipitated as the result of chemical and biochemical phenomena in water. 

The cell is the basic unit of life and is the setting for most biochemical phenomena. The two classes of cell, eukaryotic and prokaryotic, differ in several respects but most fundamentally in that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a... 

Volume of distribution represents a complex combination of multiple chemical and biochemical phenomena. It is a measure of the relative partitioning of a drug between plasma (the central compartment) and the tissues. Thus, the VD term considers all of the tissues as a single homogeneous compartment. 

The volume of distribution (VD) for a drug is the apparent volume that accounts for the total dose administration based on the observed plasma concentration. The plasma volume of the average adult is approximately 3 L. Therefore, an apparent volume of distribution larger than the plasma compartment (i.e. greater than 3 L) indicates that the drug is also present in tissue or fluid outside the plasma compartment. The volume of distribution represents a complex combination of multiple chemical and biochemical phenomena. Nevertheless, in general terms and considering only the passive distribution processes, the distribution of a compound in the body depends on the partition of the compound between the differ-... 

Nucleosides and their derivatives are ubiquitous in nature, and are involved in a myriad of biochemical phenomena, most notably the storage and transfer of genetic information. Interest in this class of compounds has been stimulated by the efficacy... 

Politzer P, Laurence PR, Jayasuriya K. Molecular electrostatic potentials an effective tool for the elucidation of biochemical phenomena. Environ Health Perspect 1985 61 191-202. 

---