Bacillus coli

The idea that the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts present regions of graded activity helps also in the interpretation of certain biochemical phenomena. Quastel and Wooldridge, for example, find that a number of organic substances reduce methylene blue under the influence of Bacillus coli, and that when the bacillus is exposed to adverse conditions, it loses its activity not suddenly but step by step towards one after another of the substances. 

Heavy Hydrogen in the Presence of Bacillus coli, J. Biol. Chem. (1947) 167,807. 

Felty, A.R., Keefer, C.S. Bacillus coli sepsis A clinical study of twenty-eight cases of bloodstream infection by the colon bacillus. JAMA 82 (1924) 1430-1433. 

Chick, H. The distribution of Bacillus coli commune. Thompson Yates Lab. Repts., 3, 1 and 317. 

Fig. 24. Henrici s results (H7) showing morphologic variation during batch growth of Bacillus coli (E. coll). The shapes and sizes of cells selected at random were as suggested by the drawing. Redrawn from Morphologic Variation and the Rate of Growth of Bacteria, by permission of Charles C. Thomas, Publishers.

Koessler, K. K. and Hanke, M. T., Studies on proteinogenous amines IV, the production of histamine from histidine by Bacillus coli communis, J. Biol. Chem. 39, 539 (1919). 

In this way Quastel has been able to explain and predict the behaviour of Bacillus coli towards 103 reagents, of which 66 were activated by the rganism. 

Chemical mediators or electron shuttles were routinely added to MFCs that resulted in electron transfer by bacteria and even yeast. In the earliest studies by Potter (1911) the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae and bacteria such as Bacillus coli (later classified as Escherichia coli) were shown to produce a voltage, resulting in electricity generation. How that worked is not well known as there were no known mediators added to the cell suspensions, and E. coli Bond and Lovley 2003) and yeast are not known to produce electricity today in the absence of mediators. Since that time, a variety of chemicals have been used to facilitate the shuttling of electrons from inside the cell to electrodes outside the cell. These exogenous mediators include, for example, neutral red Park et al. 1999), anthraquinone-2-6,disulfonate (AQDS), thionin, potassium ferricyanide Bond et al. 2002), methyl viologen, and others Logan 2004 Rabaey and Verstraete 2005). 

Proper refrigeration prevents the growth of some microorganisms, such as Salmonella and the production of toxins, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of bacteria Tscherichia coli and Bacillus cereus is substantially checked by proper cooling and handling of milk. Table 14 Hsts diseases transmitted by cows to humans. Pasteurization is the best means of prevention. 

In Bacillus snbtilis these two reactions are catalyzed by two separate enzymes that have amino acid sequences homologous to the corresponding regions of the bifunctional enzyme from E. coli, and thus each forms a barrel... 

Early studies by Terawaki and Greenberg on the antibiotic activity of carzinophilin established that it inhibited DNA synthesis but not RNA or protein synthesis in E. coli strain Bo and in Bacillus subtilis [134]. They also found that exposure to carzinophilin removed the transforming capacity of B. subtilis DNA [135]. They... 

Escherichia coli a nonpathogenic colon bacillus when found outside of the colon may cause infection e st ro ge ns female ho rmo lies e uthy roid no rmal thyroid functio n... 

In each cycle, the library of mutated genes is first inserted in a standard bacterial host such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis. Subsequently, bacterial colonies are plated out on agar plates and harvested individually by a colony picker. Each colony is placed in a separate well of a microtiter plate containing nutrient broth, so that the bacteria grow and produce the protein of interest. Because each colony originates... 

Restriction enzymes are named after the bacterium from which they are isolated. For example, EcoRI is from Escherichia coli, and BamEII is from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Table 40-2). The first three letters in the restriction enzyme name consist of the first letter of the genus (E) and the first two letters of the species (co). These may be followed by a strain designation (R) and a roman numeral (I) to indicate the order of discov-ery (eg, EcoRI, EcoRIE). Each enzyme recognizes and cleaves a specific double-stranded DNA sequence that is 4—7 bp long. These DNA cuts result in blunt ends (eg,... 

On the other hand, 3-phenylpropionitrile was synthesized from Z-3-phenyl-propionaldoxime (0.75 M) in a quantitative yield (98gP ) by the use of cells of E. coli JM 109/pOxD-9OF, a transformant harboring a gene for a new enzyme, phenylacetaldoxime dehydratase, from Bacillus sp. strain OxB-1. Other arylalkyl- and alkyl-nitriles were also synthesized in high yields from the corresponding aldoximes. Moreover, 3-phenylpropionitrile was successfully synthesized by the recombinant cells in 70 and 100% yields from 0.1 M unpurified P/Z-3-phenylpropionaldoxime, which is spontaneously formed from 3-phenylpropionaldehyde and hydroxylamine in a butyl acetate/water biphasic system and aqueous phase, respectively. 

Each year in the United States, approximately 76 million food-borne illnesses occur, leading to 325,000 hospitalizations and over 5000 deaths.40 A number of bacterial and viral pathogens that have been discussed previously in this chapter (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli, and noroviruses) can cause food poisoning. Other bacteria that can cause foodborne illness include Staphylococcus aureus, C. perfringens, C. botu-linum, and Bacillus cereus (Table 73-5). Food poisoning should be suspected if at least two individuals present with similar symptoms after the ingestion of a common food in the prior 72 hours. 

Trachypogon plumosus I O-extract, roots inhib d. E. coli, Bacillus subtilis Staph, aureus, Strep, haemolyticus 118... 

Some metals can be converted to a less toxic form through enzyme detoxification. The most well-described example of this mechanism is the mercury resistance system, which occurs in S. aureus,43 Bacillus sp.,44 E. coli,45 Streptomyces lividans,46 and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans 47 The mer operon in these bacteria includes two different metal resistance mechanisms.48 MerA employs an enzyme detoxification approach as it encodes a mercury reductase, which converts the divalent mercury cation into elemental mercury 49 Elemental mercury is more stable and less toxic than the divalent cation. Other genes in the operon encode membrane proteins that are involved in the active transport of elemental mercury out of the cell.50 52... 

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