Biochemical oxygen-demand sensors

Kim M-N, Kwon H-S (1999) Biochemical oxygen demand sensor using Serratia marcescens LSY 4. Biosens Bioelectron 14 1-7... 

Pitman K, Raud M, Kikas T (2015) Biochemical oxygen demand sensor arrays. Agronomy Res 13(2) 382-395... 

A strain of yeast and a strain of bacterium were co-immobilized to fabricate a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor based on sol-gel derived composite materials97. This novel type of biosensor was developed for water monitoring and was used to determine the BOD values of OECD synthetic wastewater, domestic wastewater, and lake waters. The microorganisms Trichosporon cutaneum and Bacillus subtilis were coimmobilized in the sol-gel composite material, which was composed of silica and the grafting copolymer of poly (vinyl alcohol) and 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-P(4-VP)). 

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the most widely determined parameters in managing organic pollution. The conventional BOD test includes a 5-day incubation period, so a more expeditious and reproducible method for assessment of this parameter is required. Trichosporon cutaneum, a microorganism formerly used in waste water treatment, has also been employed to construct a BOD biosensor. The dynamic system where the sensor was implemented consisted of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 saturated with dissolved oxygen which was transferred to a flow-cell at a rate of 1 mL/min. When the current reached a steady-state value, a sample was injected into the flow-cell at 0.2 mL/min. The steady-state current was found to be dependent on the BOD of the sample solution. After the sample was flushed from the flow-cell, the current of the microbial sensor gradually returned to its initial level. The response time of microbial sensors depends on the nature of the sample solution concerned. A linear relationship was foimd between the current difference (i.e. that between the initial and final steady-state currents) and the 5-day BOD assay of the standard solution up to 60 mg/L. The minimum measurable BOD was 3 mg/L. The current was reproducible within 6% of the relative error when a BOD of 40 mg/L was used over 10 experiments [128]. 

Liu J, Bjornsson L, Mattiasson B (2000) Immobilised activated sludge based biosensor for biochemical oxygen demand measurement. Biosens Bioelectron 14 883-893 Sakai Y, Abe Y, Takahashi F (1995) BOD sensor using magnetic activated sludge. J Ferment Bioeng 80 300-303... 

Slama M, Zaborosch C, Spener E (1995) Microbial sensor for rapid estimation of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in presence of heavy metal ions. In Wilken R-D, Forster U, Knodel A (eds) Heavy metals in the environment. CEP Consultants, Edinburgh, vol 2,pp 171-174... 

Ihn GS, Park KH, Pek UH, Moo Jeong (1992) Microbial sensor of biochemical oxygen demand using Hansenula anomala. Bull Korean Chem Soc 13 145-148 Sohn M-J, Hong D (1993) Comprehension of the response time in a microbial BOD sensor (II). Bull Korean Chem Soc 14 666-668... 

Yang Z, Suzuki H, Suzuki S, Karube 1 (1996) Disposable sensor for biochemical oxygen demand. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46 10-14... 

Tan TC, Li F, Neoh KG, Lee YK (1992) Microbial membrane-modified dissolved oxygen probe for rapid biochemical oxygen demand measiu ement. Sensors and Actuators B 8 167-172... 

JIS K 3602 (1990) Japanese Industrial Standard Apparatus for the estimation of biochemical oxygen demand (BODj) with microbial sensor... 

BOD Sensor. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is one of the most widely used and important tests in the measurement of organic pollution. Since the BOD test measures biodegradable organic compounds in waste waters, it requires a long incubation period (5 days at 20C). Therefore a simple and reproducible method for estimation of 5-day BOD is required for pollution control(17). 

In spite of large research activity in the use of these biorecognition elements, it is still mostly a proof-of-principle or demonstration phase, and not close to extensive or commercial use outside of academia.120 The exception can be for instance biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensors employing omnivorous yeast,121 and produced commercially. 

Extensive research and development of microbial sensors has been carried out by Suzuki et al. (89-94) and Rechnitz et al. (95-97) (see Table III). Microbial sensors consisting of membrane-bound whole cells and an oxygen electrode were constructed for the determination of substrates such as assimilable sugars, acetic acid, alcohols and ammonia, and for the estimation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (98-104). Glutamic acid was determined with a microbial sensor which consists of membrane-bound whole cells containing glutamate decarboxylase and a carbon dioxide gas electrode. These microbial sensors have been applied and evaluated for on-line measurements in fermentation processes (105,106). 

Response curves of Bacillus subtilis- and THchosporon cutaneum-based sensors to glucose-glutamic acid standard solution containing 22 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Reproduced from (420] with permission from Springer-Verlag. 

See also-. Enzymes Enzyme-Based Electrodes. Flow Injection Analysis Detection Techniques. Liquid Chromatography Principles. Process Analysis Sensors. Sensors Amperometric Oxygen Sensors Tissue-Based. Titrimetry Overview. Water Analysis Sewage Biochemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand. 

Process Analysis Bioprocess Analysis. Sensors Amperometric Oxygen Sensors. Water Analysis Biochemical Oxygen Demand. 

G.-J. Chee, Y. Nomura, K. Dcebukuro, and I. Karube. Biosensor for the evaluation of biochemical oxygen demand using photocatalytic pretreatment. Sensor. Actual. B, 80 15-20, 2001. 

Raud and Kikas Seven microorganism respirometiic sensors Amperometric Biochemical oxygen demand, 10 mg O21 Wastewater [48]... 

There is a longstanding demand for a simple and portable instrument for the detection and measurement of oxygen dissolved in water. Suitable electrodes have been developed and more recently have been ingeniously used as the basis for a range of biochemical sensors. 

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