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Bioactivity of endotoxins

Abstract Lipopolysaccharides are the major components on the surface of most Gram-negative bacteria, and recognized by immune cells as a pathogen-associated molecule. They can cause severe diseases like sepsis and therefore known as endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharide consists of lipid A, core oligosaccharide and O-antigen repeats. Lipid A is responsible for the major bioactivity of endotoxin. Because of their specific structure and amphipathic property, purification and analysis of lipopolysaccharides are difficult. In this chapter, we summarize the available approaches for extraction, purification and analysis of lipopolysaccharides. [Pg.28]

Shock prevention. Oil, administered to rats injected with Escherichia coli endotoxin, produced a significant effech" h Sickness behavior. Hydrogenated oil, administered to Swiss Webster mice at a dose of 17% w/w for 6 weeks, produced the bioactivity of plasma TNF-a equal to 32.6 + 3.6 ng/mL in mice fed coconut oil diet compared to mice fed fish oil (98.2 + 5.1 ng/ mL) 5... [Pg.141]

In an animal model of endotoxin pleurisy, IL-8 was found to be an important contributor to the chemotactic activity in the acute inflammatory liquids formed in response to endotoxin (14). Neutralization of IL-8 antibody inhibited the endotoxin-induced neutrophil influx by 77%. Pleural fluid from patients with paraneumonic effusions also contained significant quantities of macrophage inflammatory protein-la (MIP-la CCL-3) MIP-la antibody inhibited up to 43% of the bioactivity for mononuclear cells in pleural fluids of patients with parapneumonic effusions (18). In an animal model of Staphylococcus aureus-induc i experimal empyema, neutrophil chemokine levels of murine KC (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) were found to be significantly lower in CD4 knockout mice than in CD4 wild-type mice (19,20). [Pg.327]

It should also be noted that the acyl chain fluidity is not apparently a determinant of biological activity. From Fig. 1 it becomes clear that tfie overall fluidity changes are only small in particular, at 37 there are only marginal changes. This is in accordance with other findings that the acyl chain fluidity of endotoxins may modulate the bioactivity, but is not a determinant per se (21),... [Pg.417]

Toman, R., Garidel, P., Andra, J., Slaba, K., Hussein, A., Koch, M.H.J., Brandenburg, K. Physicochemical characterization of the endotoxins from Coxiella burnetii strain Priscilla in relation to their bioactivities. BMC Biochem 5 (2004) 1. [Pg.68]

Biological purity As chemically synthesized products are totally nonbiological in origin, thus there is no chance of contamination with fMLP-related peptides, endotoxin or other biologically active molecules that could affect bioactivity. [Pg.48]

There is a need for tight control of manufacturing parameters, particularly liposome size, uniformity of liposomes, stability of bioactive drugs during the encapsulation process, sterility and endotoxin control. Hydrophilic drugs are easily encapsulated, but lipophyllic drugs may need to be modified to render them encapsulate. [Pg.153]

Rietschel ET, Kirikae T, Schade FU et al. The chemical structure of bacterial endotoxin in relation to bioactivity. Immunobiolo 1993 187 169-190. [Pg.114]


See other pages where Bioactivity of endotoxins is mentioned: [Pg.255]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.255]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.264]    [Pg.270]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.116]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.473]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.927]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.234]    [Pg.248]    [Pg.639]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.57 , Pg.60 ]




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