Bioactive glasses for bone

Beier, J. R, Kneser, U., Horch, R. E., Detsch, R., Boccaccini, A. R., and Arkudas, A. (2014). In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of alginate dialdehyde/gelatin hydrogels with and without nanoscaled bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering applications, 7,1957-1974. 

Ceramic powders SiC for abrasives Nanosized TiOj for sunscreen Bioactive glasses for bone reconstruction Bayer process AI2O3 for the production of Al using Hall-H4roult cells... 

Poologasundarampillai, G., Wang, D., Li, S., Nakamura, J., Bradley, R., Lee, P.D. et aL (2014) Cotton-wool-like bioactive glasses for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater., 10. 3733-3746. 

Valliant, E.M. and Jones, J.R. (2011) Softening bioactive glass for bone regeneration sol-gel hybrid materials. Soft Matter, 7, 5083-5095. 

Bioactive ceramics and bioactive glass for bone repair and regeneration... 

The bonding mechanism between glass and bone has been described in detail [ 36]. The basis for bone bonding is the reaction of the glass with the surrounding solution. A sequence of interfacial reactions, which begin immediately after the bioactive material is implanted, leads to the formation of a CHA layer and the establishment of an interfacial bonding. The sequence of interfacial reactions can be summarized as follows ... 

Bioactive glasses are currently used as granulate for bone and dental grafting in small defects, or as powder incorporated into toothpaste. Although silica-based bioactive glasses meant an extraordinary advance in the field of bone tissue regeneration, their application as pieces for medium and large defects is not possible due to their very poor mechanical properties. 

Ordered mesoporous silica have already been studied as carriers for drug delivery [1,2] recently, their use has also been proposed in bone tissue engineering [3,4], in combination with bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds [5,6]. The kinetics of ibuprofen release in SBF [7] from MCM-41 silica with similar pore diameter has shown puzzling discontinuities [3,6,8] aim of the present work is to assess whether these anomalies may be related to structural changes in the MCM-41 mesoporous spheres under the adopted conditions. 

Use of 3D foams is also a popular method for bone regeneration applications, although they are most often employed for trabecular bone regeneration [152,154]. There are a few methods utilized to create foams for this application, one of the most popular being a polymer foam replication technique, in which a polymer foam is either electrosprayed or immersed into a HAp/bioactive glass particle slurry in order to fully coat the foam and create a trabecular bone-like aichitecture. However, other methods are also utilized, including creating composite foam solutions that are injectable and form once inside the body [153]. Results of Fu et al. [152] have indicated mechanical properties similar to those of natural trabecular bone. 

Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone regeneration. Elements, 3, 393-399. 

A supersaturated bioinspired solution was used to coat alumina and zirconia substrates with a thin, poorly crystalline layer of OCP that after heat treatment at 1050 °C for 1 h was converted to hydroxyapatite with particle size of 300 nm (Pribosic, Beranic-Klopcic and Kosmac, 2010). Stefanic et al. (2012) applied a related method to rapidly deposit an OCP layer by a two-step process onto yttria-stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP). 80vol% Mg-PSZ/20 vol% alumina substrates were used by Nogiwa and Cortes (2006) to deposit biomimetically by immersion in 1.4 SBF a bone-like apatite coating of 15-30 pm thickness, using a bed of either wollastonite ceramics or bioactive glass as an additional source of Ca2+ ions. 

Development of nano-structured alumina and zirconia ceramics and composites as well as nano-structured calcium phosphate ceramics and porous bioactive glasses, possibly as composites with organic constituents, will provide desired properties for bone substitution and tissue engineering for the next 20 years (Chevalier and Gremillard, 2009). 

M.M. Pereira, J.R. Jones, L.L. Bench, Bioactive Glass and Hybrid Scaffolds Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Bone Tissue Engineering, Advances in Applied Ceramics Structural, Functional Bioceramics, 104(1), 35-42 (2005). 

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF PLGA-COATED 517 POROUS BIOACTIVE GLASS-CERAMIC SCAFFOLDS FOR SUBCHONDRAL BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING... 

Silica, silver, bioactive glass, heparin, and CaSiOs have been incorporated into the electrodeposition process of chitosan and HA to try and improve performance of composite coatings for biomedical implants that interface with bone tissue [116, 119, 134, 139, 149]. While the electrodeposition methods and mechanical and adhesion strength of the coatings are commonly reported in these studies, little biological data has been gathered on the response of cells or tissues to these composite coatings. 

Schepers E.J.G, Ducheyne P Barbier L., and Schepers S. 1993. Bioactive glass particles of narrow size range A new material for the repair of bone defects. Impl. Dent. 2 151-156. 

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