Bio-Based Composites

Akitsu, H., Gril, J., Morooka, T. and Norimoto, M. (1992). Dynamic mechanical properties of chemically modified wood (11). In Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium Chemical Modification of Lignocellulosics, Plackett, D.V. and Dunningham, E.A. (Eds.). FRI Bulletin, 176, pp. 130-139. 

Beckers, E.P.J. and Mihtz, H. (1994). Acetylation of sohd wood. Initial trials on lab and semi industrial scale. In Second Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 125-135. 

Simonson, R. and Rowell, R.M. (2000). A new process for the continuous acetylation of lignoceUulosic fiber. In Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, Canberra, Australia, pp. 190-196. 

K. Minato and R. Yasuda, Proc. Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, Rotorua, 1992, FRI Bull. 176, p. 97. 

Ibach RE, Clemons CM. Biological resistance of polyethylene composites made with chemically modified fiber or flour. Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Rim Bio-based Composites Symposium and Workshop on the Chemical Modification of Cellulosics 2002 Nov 10-13 Portland, OR. Portland (OR) Oregon State University 2002. p 574. 

Rowell R. The state of the art and future development of bio-based composites science and technology towards the 21st century. Proceedings The Fourth Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium 1998 Bogor, Indonesia. Indonesia Bogor Agricultural University 1998. p 1. 

Source Rowell, R. M. 1998. Proceedings of the Fourth Pacific Rim Bio-based Composites Symposium, Indonesia, Nov. 2-5,... 

C. J. Galbraith and W. H. Newman, Proc. Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symp., Rotorua, New Zealand, 1992, p. 130. 

P. E. Humphrey, Proc. Third Pacific Rim Bio-based Composites Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, 1996, pp. 366-373. 

Bio-based composite films were casted from suspensions agro-fibers in PVA aqueous solution containing starch and plasticizers. In some films, PVA was crosslinked with hexamethoxymethylmalamine. Composition and fibers size affected mechanical properties of the films. 

M. Anis, in Proceeding of The Eighth Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, Knala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 121-127 (2006). 

Y. Imamura, M. K. Yalinkilic, H. Kajita and T. Furuno, in Proceedings of The Fourth Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, Bogor, Indonesia, pp. 119-127 (1998). 

Bio-based composite materials were obtained by acid catalysed curing of ESO in the presence of terpene modified phenol-formaldehyde resin or rosin modified phenol-formaldehyde resin. These composites exhibited improved mechanical properties when compared with those of the ESO... 

C. K. Hong and R. P. Wool, Development of a bio-based composite material from soybean oil and keratin fibers , J Appl Polym Sci, 2005,95,1524-38. 

N. Imai, H. Ueda, H. Kagevama and H. Uyama, Development of new bio-based composites using soybean oil as main component , Polym Preprints, 2006, 55, 5660-1. 

Sheen AD (1992) The preparation of acetylated wood fibre on a commercial scale. Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium Chemical Modification of Lignocellulosics, FRI Bull ... 

The incorporation of nanoclays and natural fibres in resin systems thus provides reinforcements to resin systems at two scales. The nanoclay enhances the bio-based polymer system in stiffiiess and hygrothermal properties, while the natural fibres provide the main stiffness and strength. In addition, the enhanced barrier properties of the nano-reinforced resin retard moisture from reaching the natural fibres and thereby providing a synergetic effect between scales for an efficient bio-based composite. Hybrid bio-based composites that exploit the synergy between natural fibres (industrial hemp) in a nano-reinforced bio-based polymer can lead to... 

Haq M, Burgueno R, Mohanty AK et al (2008) Hybrid bio-based composites fimn blends of unsatnrated polyester and soybean oil reiirfmeed with nanoclay and natural fibers. Cmnpos Sci Technol 68 3344-3351... 

A. Ashori and A. Nourbakhsh, Bio-based composites from waste agricultural residues. Waste Manage. 30,680-684, (2010). 

In summary, susceptibility to weathering has clearly been shown to be significant for fully bio-based composites, and improved resistance to environmental attack will be necessary for fully bio-based composites to be considered viable replacements for any long term applications where materials are subject to hostile environmental conditions such as in the building sector. 

Lignin is part of the composition of natural polymers in variable proportions. The aromatic structure of the lignin can be used as source of several phenolic products, which may substitute petroleum-based compounds. Bio-based composites have gained prominence over the past two decades owing to both environmental concerns and waste disposal problems. Lignin-based biomaterials include carbon fibers, polymer modifiers, resin/adhesives/binders and others. 

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