Bindweed

Winde,/. windlass, winch jack hoist worm (screw) bindweed (Glass) stria, winden, v.t. wind, coil, reel, roll, twist. — v.r. wind, coil, wriggle. —fgewimden, p.a. wound, coiled, rolled, twisted, spiral. 

So far as the author is aware, the first statement of the herbicidal action of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, made in the United States, was in a publication by Hamner and Tukey (14) in 1944. They sprayed 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid on bindweed and obtained a complete kill down to the root tips. At about the same time Hamner and Tukey (13) and Marth and Mitchell (24) demonstrated the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as a differential herbicide on lawns. All plants growing on the lawns (except the grasses) were destroyed with apparently no noticeable ill effect on the grasses. 

Except direct use of allelopathic crops as cover crops, smother crops, and intercrops, applications of allelopathy for weed control include the use of allelopathic residues as an herbicide agent, e.g., pellets flours, water extracts, etc. The most common example of crop residue utilization is application of straw on the soil surface (mulching), e.g., rice straw inhibited germination of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu), and little-seed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) (Lee et al. 1991 Tamak et al. 1994 Young et al. 1989). 

Weeds with a network of spreading, creeping roots such as creeping thistle, bindweed, and quackgrass need to have the soil around their roots well loosened so that every piece of root can be removed. 

The product is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide particularly effective against perennial weeds such as nutsedge and bindweed. Since the effect of changes in structure on biological activity is similar in several series of compounds, this topic will be discussed later. 

Calystegia hederacea Willich ex Roxb. C. japonica Choisy iu Zoll. Da Wan Hua (Ivy bindweed, Japanese bindweed) (root, flower) Kaempferol, kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside, columbin, palmatine.48-50 Diuretic, stimulate kidney secretions. 

Convolvulus arvensis L. Tian Xuan Hua (Bindweed) (whole plant) Quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, beta-methylaesculetin.48 Improve blood circulation, relieve pain and itchiness. 

Herbicides. The use of herbicides (qv) based on iodine compounds has its main market in Western Europe. In Canada and the United States these compounds are used only to a small extent. The only significant iodine-containing herbicide is ioxynil [1689-85 4] (4,-hydroxy-3,5,-diiodobenzoic acid). This compound, often used in combination with other herbicides, is formulated for controlling many annual broad-leaved weeds, especially black-bindweed, knotgrass, mayweeds, and com marigold post-emergence in wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale (142). Annual consumption of iodine in relation to ioxynils is considered to be about 300—500 t (66). 

In some orchards where repeated applications of triazine herbicides have been used, there are isolated instances of triazine-resistant weeds. These include common groundsel in the United Kingdom (Holliday and Putwain, 1977) and common lambsquarters and pigweeds in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Bavaria. Some studies indicated an increased prevalence of some tolerant weeds in orchards when triazine herbicides were used in certain crop weed systems of common vetch (Heeney et al., 1981a), field bindweed (Meith and Connell, 1985), and quackgrass (Hertz and Wildung, 1978). 

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