Binder Activity

It was noted that the majority of directly compressible excipients, including silicihed microcrystalHne cellulose (SMCC), lactose monohydrate (Tablettose 70), Ludipress-LCE, Copolyvidone (Kollidone VA-64) and microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-105), failed to create coherent tablets. A commercially available fine-grade hydroxypropylcel-lulose (HPC-SSL-SFP) was also chosen for the comparison to assess the binder properties of PVP-Leu and PVP-SD. The results su ested that HPC-SSL-SFP could produce 

---

Dressing EDS plastics (Table 20) reduces their water absorptivities considerably u. However, dressing agents added to the binder (active additives) are less effective than dressing of the glass surfaces (Table 21)2). 

Kottke, M.K. Chueh, H.-R. Rhodes, C.T. Comparison of disintegrant and binder activity of three corn starch products. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1992, 18 (20), 2207-2223. Nasipuri, R.N. Kuforiji, F.O. Effect of granule size of starch as a direct compression carrier on the physical properties of chlorpheniramine tablets. Pharm. Ind. 1981, 43 (10), I037-I04I. 

Kottke MK, Chueh H-R, Rhodes CT. Comparison of disintegrant and binder activity of three corn starch products. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1992 18 2207-2223. 

Energetische Binder Aktlve Binder active Binders... 

A confirmation of the alkyl oxime ether as metabolically stable isoster of an ester has been reported by Watson et al. in the synthesis of a capsid binder active against Human Rhinovirus (Figure 15.30). 

J.W. Phair, J.S.J. Van Deventer, Characterization of fly-ash-based geopolymeric binders activated with sodium aluminate, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (2002) 4242—4251. 

Preform binder activation and manufacture of 3D net shape preforms. 

Infrared cure is gaining increased attention from coaters as a result of shorter cure cycles and the possibihty of smaller flcK)r space requirements when compared to convection oven curing. Figure 14.13 shows an example of an IR oven set up for composite curing. IR curing is limited in its use for composite curing as detailed in Table 14.10 however, it has potential for fast and efficient heating for various applications such as preform binder activation. 

It was reported that the compaction at a temperature of about 20 K under Tg yields circumstances for which the amount of stored energy has a minimum [21]. The Tg of the material depends on its chemical structure, the presence of a plasticizer and, in the case of polymers, on the molecular weight [22]. Therefore, it may be expected that using polymers with lower Tg (preferably near room temperature) would be advantageous for improved binder activity. 

The main objective of excipient engineering is to improve both flow and binder activity of the excipients. Flow and compactability both depend on particle size, and these characteristics often compete, making it difficult to achieve an optimum excipient performance [30]. For example, large particle size is typically associated with improved flow (Table 1.3). However, a smaller particle size is associated with improved compactability due to an increase in the surface area except for brittle materials (as shown in Figure 1.2) [31-33]. Hence there is a fundamental contradiction in designing... 

However, improvement in binder activity achieved using this approach is relatively limited and large proportions of such excipients are needed to create robust and mechanically stable tablets [43], so directly compressible excipients are only used where a low-dose of API is needed. At higher API loads (>500 mg), this may result in large tablets which are difficult to swallow. Therefore, tableting using these direct compression multifunctional excipients is only considered suitable for high/interme-diate potency APIs. 

To investigate the effect of molecular weight on the mechanical behavior and the binder activity of the excipient under compression, interactive excipients with different molecular weight PVP were mixed with paracetamol and compressed into tablets. The tensile strength of the tablets was determined. The elastic recovery can be calculated using a force-displacement curve using this equation ... 

In many pharmaceutical products, the formulated end products contain dyes, additives, excipients, binders, active materials, and an identification mark. The active materials are often crystalline with a high Raman-scattering cross section, whereas the excipients generally have a lower Raman cross section and many exhibit low levels of fluorescence. In addition, the dyes and the identification mark tend to fluoresce under visible excitation. Thus, FT-Raman spectroscopy has proved itself in formulated product analysis, whereas dispersive Raman spectroscopy with visible excitation can be successfully employed for monitoring active-material manufacturing. 

Ecoterror ism sabotage intended to binder activities that are considered damaging to the environment Effective dose a dosimetry quantity useful for comparing the overall health affects of irradiation of the whole body, effective dose is used to compare the overall health detriments of different radio nuclides in a given mix... 

Silica gel containing calcium sulfate or starch binder, activated at 110-C for 1 hr... 

---