Billings Energy Research

Billings RE, Lynch EE (1973) Performance and nitric oxide control parameters of the hydrogen engine. Publication No. 73002, Energy Research, Provo, Utah... 

Periodically Congress has permitted the use of tax credits as a direct reduction from income taxes. Examples are tax credits for installing energy conservation devices, use of alcohol fuels and electric vehicles, development of orphan drugs, creation of low-income housing, and some research expenditures. Tax credits have been used historically to stimulate capital investment in the United States. Such deductions are more valuable than depreciation because they represent direct deductions from the tax bill after taxes are computed on income. 

In view of the energy crisis, the need for energy innovation and the moves to limit the oil companies, it is too bad we do not understand this area very well. Anti-trust actions do have profound effects on innovation. Foster and Gluck refer to government moves to break up IBM and Bell without any thought of the impact on these one billion dollar research organizations. It is interesting that the authors refer to a Senate Bill authored by the... 

Research released by Data Resources Incorporated related to a Consumer Energy Index indicates that a monthly heating bill of 100 in 1970 will average 736 by 1990 if no energy-saving action is taken. 

The research in this paper was performed in partial fulfillment of a Ph.D dissertation completed by the senior author at the University of Q)lorado-Boulder. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Atlantic Richfield Foundation, Inc., and the University of Colorado Department of Geological Sciences are gratefully acknowledged. We also wish to thank A1 Burnham and Bill Miller of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for providing samples of L2 retorted oil shale. 

Bill Hase received his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1970, working in the research area of experimental physical chemistry under the direction of John W. Simons at New Mexico State University. His research included studies of the methylene singlet-triplet energy gap and of the unim-olecular decomposition of vibrationally excited alkane and alkylsilane molecules prepared by chemical activation. His career as a computational chemist began during his postdoctoral work with Don Bunker at the University of California, Irvine. In 1973 he joined the Chemistry Department at Wayne State University, where he remained until 2004, when he assumed the Robert A. Welch Chair in Chemistry at Texas Tech University. He remembers that his hrst computational chemistry classical trajectory computer program was written in assembly language and run on a PDP-10. 

Six SRC samples derived from Kentucky No. 9 coal were obtained from the Southern Services, Inc., Wilsonville, AL pilot plant funded by the Electric Power Research Institute and the U.S. Department of Energy and operated by Catalytic Inc. Information on processing conditions was kindly supplied by Mr. Bill Weber. A process recycle solvent (92-03-035) originating at the SRC-I pilot plant in Wilsonville, AL. was obtained from Mobil Research and Development Corporation Central Research Division, Princeton, NO. 

This massive effort was given an additional nod after Congress passed, and the president signed into law, the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The bill called for new levels of research and development, demonstrations, early market incentives, as well as tax credits. 

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