Bile decomposition

The mechanism of late occlusion of metallic endoprostheses is quite different to that of plastic stents. Plastic endoprostheses occlude because bacterial contamination causes bile decomposition, subsequent deposition, and encrustation. Occluded plastic stents are usually removed and replaced endoscopically (Tibble and... 

Dextrothyroxine speeds up the decomposition of cholesterol and lipoproteins, thus activating catabolism of cholesterol in the liver, which results in cholesterol being more intensively transformed into bile salts. It lowers the level of low-density lipoproteins in the plasma and very low-density lipoproteins in fatty tissue. It is recommended for treating hyperlipoproteinemia. Synonyms of this drug are choloxin, lizolipin, natexin, travenon, and others. 

Salysal, 967 Salzone, 849 Samples, 55 alcohol in, 115 choice of, 293 collection of, 3, 111 containers for, 114 contaminants in, 116 decomposition of, 115 for drug monitoring, 103 preparation for infra-red spectrophotonietiy, 243 preparation for mass spectrometry, 258 preservation of, 116 purification for infra-red spectrophotometry, 240 storage of, 114 Sampling, 111-117 bile, 113... 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Stimulates the production of bile by the liver. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

The stomach also contains an enzyme, rennin, which assists in the digestion of milk, and another enzyme, lipase, which catalyzes the decomposition of fats into simpler substances. Additional enzymes involved in the digestion of polysaccharides, proteins, and fats take part in the continuation of the digestion in the intestines these enzymes are contained in the intestinal juice, pancreatic juice, and bile. 

Peroxisomal disorders of bile acid synthesis, both in the side-chain decomposition process and at the steroid ring, can cause atrophy of the small bile ducts. This gives rise to Zellweger s syndrome with asyndromic bile-duct hypoplasia. (513) (s. pp 234, 603) (s. tabs. 13.3, 13.4)... 

In the case of indole, alkaline hydrolysis and putrefaction of proteins result in its formation. This formation in the putrefaction of proteins is presumed to be result of decomposition of tryptophan. The formation of indole from albumin may be stopped by the addition of lactose, while other sugars have varying effects on its production. Indole frequently accompanies pus formation and is found in the human liver, pancreas, brain, and bile. Indole, accompanied by its p-methyl homolog, skatole, is found in the feces of humans and animals and in the contents of the intestines. ... 

Sjostrand, T., The formation of carbon monoxide by in vitro decomposition of haemoglobin in bile pigments. Acta Physiol. Scand. 27, 231 (1952). 

In combination it exists in the gelatinoids, and with cholic acid as sodium glycocliolate (. y.) in the bile. It is one of the products of decomposition of CH,Br... 

It has been found to exist free in animal nature only in the muscle of the scallop, and, when taken internally, its constituents are eliminated as urea. In combination it exists in the gelati-noids, and with cholic acid as sodium glycocholate g. v.) in the bile. It is one of the products of decomposition of glycochollc acid, hyoglycocholic acid, and hippuric acid by dilute acids and by alkalies, and of the decomposition of tissues containing gelati-noids. 

It has been shown that the trifluoroacetates of 3,6,7-trihydroxy bile acids are subject to thermal decomposition in gas chromatographs (30). Oxidation of the bile acids to their keto derivatives and subsequent gas chromatography should also be avoided (31). In our laboratory, we have been unable to gas chromatograph any oxidized 3,6,7 bile acid methyl esters they are either destroyed or will not elute in a reasonable amount of time. 

Urochromes are decomposition products of blood and bile pigments. They are contained in urine and faeces, and may find their way into ground and surface... 

The decomposition of bile referred to in the older literature was probably of bacterial origin. Berzelius (15) and Gorup-Besanez (16) reported the isolation of non-nitrogenous fractions from putrefied bile. 

Trifluroroacetates (100) are prepared by dissolving the bile acid methyl ester (o> the partial silyl ether) in trifluoroacetic anhydride, 15 min, 35 °C (101). The reagent is removed under a stream of nitrogen. Milder conditions yield partial derivatives. Enol esters of 3-keto-J- bile acids may be formed as side products. Trifluoroacetates should be analyzed within 1-2 days since signs of decomposition may appear on storgae for more than 48 hr at room temperature (7, 102). 

A reverse phase HPLC assay was also used for analysis of taxol in human plasma and urine during the phase I trials of taxol in this case a C18 column was used with a gradient of HaOiMeCN, 65 35 to 0 100, as the mobile phase. Similarly, a reverse phase method was used for the analysis of taxol and its decomposition products in the cell culture media and in the rat bile [10-13]. 

Aliquots of bile may be directly analyzed by HPLC without any initial workup (Frolik et al., 1981 Zile et al., 1982a). This procedure eliminates any possible isomerization or decomposition associated with the extraction procedure (see Section III,B). 

A wide variety of specimens can be collected to assess possible drug use. These include blood (or sometimes plasma or serum ), urine, breath, saliva, sweat in living persons, or a range of other tissues from bodies at autopsy during death inveshgations. In cadavers the most common specimens, after blood and urine, are hver, bile, and vitreous humour. Muscle, brain, bone, and fat do have uses in certain types of cases when blood is unavaUable due to decomposition or following suspicion of unusual poisons. The principal applications of some specimens are summarized in Table I. 

VIIL Decomposition of Iron Protoporphyrin to Bile Pigments ... 

Fig. 26. Physiological pathway of hemoglobin decomposition to bile pigments.

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