BERM

P. Parish and F. C. SnelHng, Sulfuric Fcid Concentration, 2 vols., Ernest Berm Ltd., London, 1924. 

A. E. WiUiams, The Genesis of Diamond, Ernst Berm Ltd., London, 1932. 

Cascading effects Check valve Clogged (of filter) Consensus standard Conservation vent Dike, berm Discharge valve Division (in electrical area classification) Downspout Expansion joint Explosion proof Faucet... 

Air Drilling. In the event of air drilling, the blooie line will exit from under the substructure and away from the rig. Depending on the nature of the payzone, the blooie line will extend different lengths from the rig. For example, a well, producing 20 MMcfd in addition to the injection of 2,000 cfm air, will require an extension of at least 150 ft, due to heat and dust accumulation. The blow pit with berm will often extend another 40 ft beyond that to include both the... 

CROLLA AND BERMEs Competitive Protein Binding Assays... 

BRM and BERM special issues of Fresenius J Anal Chem (available issues BRM-2,1987 BRM-3, 1988 BERM-4, 199° BERM-5, i993i BERM-6, 1995 and BERM-7, r998 for an overview of these symposia see Chapter 8. 

A number of scientific journals regularly publish papers reviewing the state of the art in the RM business as well as original contributions on certification, inter-laboratory comparisons, and on RM/CRM applications. Table 8.2 lists the most popular and widely cited. The most prolific journals are Fresenius Journal, JAAS, Science of the Total Environment and Water, Air, Soil Pollution, all with around or even more than 50 papers mentioning reference materials from 1998 and 1999. Of these, Fresenius Journal led in 1998, with more than 80 papers. This was partly because it traditionally publishes, so far in six special issues, a series of papers presented at the International Biological and Environmental Reference Materials Symposia (BERM) series. The role and contribution of the BERM series of meetings is reviewed below. 

Proceedings of the BEM and BERM symposia have been used to assess emerging trends in the development of RMs to meet Analytical Quality Control requirements for clinical, food, nutrition, and environmental health areas. (Iyengar and Wolf 1998) ... 

BERM-5 presented the changing outlook of the AOAC International in recognizing the usefulness of incorporating RMs for use in conjunction with their methods validation protocol. 

BERM-6 brought to the forefront the concern for traceability of chemical measurements to internationally recognized standards. 

BERM-y recognized the need for interdisciplinary approaches for preparation of certain types of CRMs, partly in response to the measurement needs arising from governmental regulations dealing with food safety and environmental health criteria. 

Finally, BERM symposia have promoted a meaningful dialogue on the RM needs of African, Asian and South American countries and provided the developing countries opportunities to discuss their problems with the international analytical community. 

The BERM symposia have served further to clarify understanding of the basic attributes of a good reference standard that is indispensable for establishing new frontiers in the science of measurements, and to highlight the invaluable infrastructure and proven record of metrological excellence available at the National Measurement Institutes to accomplish such tasks. 

There are a number of trends that will continue to influence future RM activity and a number of areas which are not yet very significant that will become more so. One important source of information on developments in the area of RMs is the series of International Symposia on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials (BERM), organization of which was described in Chapter 8. The Proceedings of these successive BERM Symposia have given a series of detailed snapshots of activity on a 2-3 year cycle over nearly two decades (BRM-i 1985 - BERM-7 99 )- Most of the information and projections in this Chapter are taken from various papers published in these BERM proceedings. 

In South Asia the DUREM series of meetings held in India, based on the style of the BERM meetings and organized by the Indian Central Pollution Control Board, which are designed to present RM and metrology matters in the context of analytical chemistry in India (Mahwar et al. 1998),... 

In the course of the first BERM meeting, wich later became the BERM series of RM symposia both Markus and Wayne had the impression that in addition to the special Symposia Issues that gave just impressions on the state of the RM arT there was a real need for a well organized book to guide the interested reader systematically through the numerous steps and pitfalls of RM planning, production. 

This book is published to coincide with the 8 BERM meeting, held in Bethesda, Maryland, in 2000. We do expect that this work wiU be useful for newcomers as well as for more experienced readers. Since there is another book an reference materials due to be released at the same time, edited by Adolf Zschunke, BAM, Germany, we have cooperated with Prof. Zschunke to try reduce any overlap with hope that both books will be complementary rather than competitive. 

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