Bergamot note

C14H24O2, Mr 224.34, bpm3 kpa 232 °C, d15 0.8977, ng 1.4523, is a liquid with a fruity bergamot note and a subdued animalic tone. It is used in lavender perfumes and in many blossom compositions. 

Rectified oils have been redistilled to improve a particular property or characteristic, such as flavor or aroma. Eor example, natural oil of peppermint is frequently rectified to remove dimethyl sulfide, which has a powerful and objectionable cooked vegetable note deleterious to the use of the oil in cmme de menthe Hqueurs. Distillation is also used to remove psoralens, which are harmful photosensitizing agents present in natural bergamot oil. Color may be removed, eg, from cassia oil, by vacuum steam distillation. A desirable component, such as 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) 85% in eucalyptus oil, may be... 

Citrus Family. This is a popular fragrance group noted for its refreshing brisk quaUty. Lemon, lime, orange, and bergamot are important ingredients. These oils combine well with lavender and amber accords. 

Uses. Linalyl acetate is used extensively in perfumery. It is an excellent fragrance material for, among others, bergamot, lilac, lavender, linden, neroli, ylang-ylang, and phantasy notes (particularly chypre). Smaller amounts are used in other citrus products. Since linalyl acetate is fairly stable toward alkali, it can also be employed in soaps and detergents. 

The top note (14%) is a classic mixture of bergamot and rosewood, together with their naturally occurring ingredients linalool and linalyl acetate. 

The top note of the perfume contains the traditional combination of bergamot, linalool (rosewood), linalyl acetate, and neroli, with ciste oil as part of the amber note bringing a natural radiance in contrast to the chemical harshness of the aldehydes. A good quality ylang oil is also important in softening the aldehydic character and forms an... 

Apart from the materials already mentioned the top note contains a simple mixture of bergamot and orange. The middle note is dominated by a traditional jasmin base, with muguet (hydroxycitronellal 10%), and rose. At the heart of the perfume is the classical chypre accord between vetiveryl acetate (10%), methyl ionone, oakmoss, aldehyde C14, coumarin, sandalwood, patchouli, musk ketone, and amber. The amber note can be reproduced by the simple but effective combination of labdanum, olibanum, and vanilla. Small amounts of other animalic notes such as civet may also be used. 

Reminiscent of an earlier style of formulation, Femme contains a relatively high proportion of fresh top notes based on bergamot and lemon, as well as petitgrain citronnier. At the heart of the underlying chypre accord is a fruity jasmin note (a jasmin benzol type may here be used), oakmoss, methyl ionone, patchouli, and labdanum, with small amounts of woody materials. The fruity note in Femme is probably introduced in the form of a base, such as the famous Prunol of de Laire, containing aldehyde C14. The underlying warmth comes from... 

Expression is good for the top notes, e.g. in bergamot and lemon esssential s Nhlc p very volatile owing to being high in monoterpenes. Many of these would be lost in distillation because of the high temperatures. It is also a cheap method, using by-products from the juice industry. 

IFRA recommends that, for application to areas of skin exposed to sunshine, bergamot oil be limited to a maximum of 0.4% in the final product, except for bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin. See note on combinations of phototoxic oils. 

Bitter orange oil possesses an extremely strong fresh note. Its character is less sweet than that of orange oil its flavour character is floral, aldehydic with a bitter, dry, earthy expression. The oil displays a fresh, aqueous and green aroma note, which allows the association with bergamot. Its fixative effect constitutes an additional positive feature of this pleasing oil. 

The note is neroli and bergamot- and cinnamon-like (Winter et al., 1975a), peculiar odor, gassy-green, remotely reminiscent of geranium, but overall mild and rather nondescript, choking in high concentration, Sometimes described as metallic odor (Arctander, 1967). 

Features Bergamot oil with lemon top note Trade Name Synonyms CItryl Acetate 3/022401 [Dragoco http //www.dragoco.com, http //www.symrise.com] 2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-propanol CAS 99-55-5 EINECS/ELINCS 202-680-6 Uses Fragrance ingred. as chem. intermediate precursor of a-terpineol Trade Name Synonyms Terpineol 350 [Millennium/F F http //www.aromachem.com]... 

Due to the sensitising chemicals they contain, flavours and spices have been a concern, but there are few reports of contact sensitivity to such compounds among bakers. Cinnamon has been noted as a cause of hand eczema among bakers in several case reports (Malten 1979 Dooms-Goossens et al. 1990 Nixon 1995). The patients were patch tested with cinnamon powder. Nixon s patient reacted to balsam of Peru, the perfume mixture, cinnamic alcohol and cinnamic aldehyde. Cardamom has also been described as a contact allergen (Mobacken and Fregert 1975)- Positive patch tests were seen to cardamom powder, 50% cardamom powder in petrolatum, oil of cardamom, delta-carene, dipentene and oil of bergamot. 

Dimethylocta-l,6-diene was used as a substrate for the highly -selective hydroformylation with a homogeneous Rh(Xantphos) catalyst (Scheme 6.21) [95]. The odor of the aldehyde yielded was described as fresh, orange peel, and herbaceous with coriander leaf accents. Subsequent reduction with NaBH yielded the unsaturated alcohol, which was characterized from the olfactory point of view as rustic with a note of floral, bergamot, and cinnamon. 

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