Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH

TABLE 49-2. Objective Tests Used to Assess the Size of the Prostate and Complications of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)... 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common problems of elderly men, affecting more than 40% of men over age 70. BPH results in the urinary symptoms of hesitancy and frequency. Since prostate cancer affects a similar age group and often has similar presenting symptoms, the presence of BPH often complicates the diagnosis of prostate cancer, although it does not appear to increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.2,5... 

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate that affects a significant portion of men over the age of 50. The prostate... 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a nearly ubiquitous condition, is the most common benign neoplasm of American men and occurs as a result of androgen-driven prostate growth. 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Prascar on/yj.Treatment of symptomatic BPH in men with an enlarged prostate to improve symptoms, reduce acute urinary retention risk, and reduce the risk of the need for surgery including transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and prostatectomy. 

In the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the reduction in symptoms... 

Aside from sildenahl, apomorphine is one of the few orally active (buccal route) pharmacological agents used in the treatment of ED. Apomorphine stimulates penile erection in both normal men and in men who are impotent. Apomorphine can be the drug of choice in patients with coexisting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), coronary artery disease, and hypertension. 

SR109 Odenthal, K. P. Phytotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with Cucurbita, Hypoxis, Pygeum, Urtica and Sabal serrulata (Serenoa repens). Phytother Res 1996 10 S141-S143. 

Elocalcitol (BXL-628) is the fluoro analogue of the D3 metabolite that inhibits the growth factors involved in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) it is without direct androgenic effects and does not cause hypercalcemia. It is in Phase 11 development for the treatment of BPH and overactive bladder (cf. Chapter 4). " ... 

Terazosin is another reversible 04-selective antagonist that is effective in hypertension (see Chapter 11) it is also approved for use in men with urinary symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Terazosin has high bioavailability but is extensively metabolized in the liver, with only a small fraction of unchanged drug excreted in the urine. The half-life of terazosin is 9-12 hours. 

Saw palmetto is most often promoted for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Enzymatic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5a-reductase is inhibited by saw palmetto in vitro. Specifically, saw palmetto shows a noncompetitive inhibition of both isoforms (I and II) of this enzyme, thereby reducing DHT production. 

Zlotta AR, Teillac P, Raynaud JP, Schulman CC. Evaluation of male sexual function in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated with a phytotherapeutic agent (Permixon ), tamsulosin or finasteride. Eur Urol 2005 48 269-76. 

Furthermore, overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 was also reported in various types of cancers contributing to their development and progression. They were suggested to be novel diagnostic markers when measured in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) (Hermani et al., 2005). 

Certain alpha-1 blockers such as doxazosin have been used extensively in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).23,32 Alpha-1 receptors located on smooth muscle in the prostate capsule, neck of the bladder, and urethra cause muscle constriction that restricts urine flow and the ability to empty the bladder. By blocking these receptors, alpha-1 antagonists relax these smooth muscles and allow men with BPH to void urine more easily and completely.12 32... 

Lipophilic extracts of sabal fruit (Serenoa repens syn. Sabal seruulata) are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (see Chapter 55). The hexane extract of the pulp and seed contains a complex mixture of free fatty acids and their esters, small quantities of phytosterols (such as [3-sitosterol), aliphatic alcohols, and polyprenic compounds. The efficacy of this extract was recently compared with that of the 5a-reductase inhibitor finasteride for 6 months, in a randomized, double-blind trial involving almost 1100 men with moderate BPH. Dwarf palm and finasteride reduced the International Prostate Symptom Score by 37 and 39% and increased urinary peak flow by 2.7 and 3.2 ml/sec, respectively. In contrast to finasteride, dwarf palm had little effect on prostate volume. 

Pumpkin seeds contain cucurbitacins and were listed as one of the four greater cold seeds in an 18th century list of medicines. Today, pumpkin is used to treat irritable bladder and prostate complaints, namely benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 

Saw palmetto relieves urinary symptoms and flow measures associated with an enlarged prostate it does not reduce the enlargement. Saw palmetto is chiefly employed to manage prostatic enlargement or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A hexane extract inhibits 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme needed for the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Saw palmetto further antagonizes DHT binding at prostatic receptor sites, which increases the metabolism and excretion of DHT. It is also used to treat BPH-related inflammation (see Chapter 55). 

The nettle is rich in vitamins A and C and in minerals, particularly iron, potassium, and silica. Modern scientific studies have focused on its diuretic action. It lowers systolic blood pressure by increasing volume, die root treats symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by increasing urine flow and reducing residual urine. Nettle herb is also used for bladder irrigation and to prevent and treat bladder and kidney stones (see Chapter 66). 

Symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common medical problem in older men. As many as 40% of men aged 60 years or older have lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with bladder outlet obstruction. Treatment goals in the vast majority of men are to relieve bothersome symptoms that reduce quality of life. In the U.S., treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia costs more than 2 billion per year and accounts for 1.7 million physician office visits annually (Ishani et al., 2000). 

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is one of the most reliable cancer-specific molecular markers. PSA expression is, for the most part, restricted to the prostate and elevated serum PSA indicates the possibility of malignant prostate cancer. Use of serum PSA as a diagnostic tool is still controversial since PSA levels are also elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),... 

It is not surprising that fatty acids inhibit COX and LOX enzymes due to their structural similarities with arachidonic acid. A supercritical fluid extract from the fruits of Sabal serrulata (also called Serenoa repens Small. Arecaceae) has been utilized for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and non-bacterial prostatitis. The extract was demonstrated as a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-LOX pathways with IC50 at 28.1 pg/ml and 18.0 (ig/ml, respectively. A further evaluation of the supercritical carbon dioxide extract showed the acidic lipophilic fraction, most likely fatty acids, had the same dual inhibitory activities as the parent extract [121]. 

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