Benefit conditionality

The foremost duty of the unemployed is to be available for job placement on the general employment market (radighed) and to make a personal effort at finding work. If suitable employment is found, it must be taken up on the next day. A job is deemed suitable if in terms of working hours and employment conditions it can be regarded as usual within the scope of the insured s previous employment. If the contact arranged between a jobseeker and an employer does not lead to a new employment relationship, this must be reported to the AK, which will then review the insurant s subjective readiness to work. If necessary, a job plan is drawn up. 

An insurant s personal conduct may justify the reproach that his or her unemployment is self-induced, thus giving rise to the aforementioned sanctions. This will generally be the case if the unemployed person terminated the employment relationship without good cause or declined a job offer. 

The administrative provisions on the assessment of personal grounds are not always as clear as they are for the transport issue. Thus, an AK member can reasonably be expected to accept an up to 3-hour journey by public transport to the new workplace during the first 3 months of unemployment. Later, this commuting time can be extended to 4 h, unless the insurant fives in a region where even longer trips to work are customary. Job offers that demand excess commuting times can therefore be refused. Other accepted personal grounds include the refusal to participate in the production of war material the termination of an employment which 

As a rule, however, the most often contested ground is that the job offer is not suitable or, after 3 months unemployment, not reasonable. In such cases, these legal terms may have to be clarified judicially on an individual-case basis. 

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Activation policies in terms of changes in benefits, conditionality and enabling schemes... 

Complementary to activating instruments in a more narrow sense, SGB II comprises enabling schemes such as labour market policy programs ( 16 (1) SGB II) and other social services like child care provision or help in case of social problems like drug abuse, debt or housing ( 16(2) SGB II) that have been conceived in order to facilitate labour market integration of employable benefit recipients, but do not reinforce benefit conditionality. 

With the Hartz reforms a number of new instruments were created that aim at a more effective re-integration of the unemployed although they are not activating in a narrow sense, i.e. used to enforce benefit conditionality. These innovative instruments comprise different forms of flexible and subsidised employment apart from classical employer-oriented wage subsidies ... 

The Hartz reforms tightened benefit conditionality with respect to availability for work and programme participation. They also introduced more flexibility in sanctioning. The objective of a stricter regulation rests on the fact that hardly any sanctions were imposed under the former law or were not asserted with the necessary intensity. Although sanctioning via temporary suspension of UB payments... 

Hair conditioning can be associated with almost any hair product sold in the marketplace because they all claim some benefit to the hair when used. Thus the term hair conditioner can be appHed to such products as rinses, hair dressings, setting lotions, and hair sprays. Conditioners are used to provide different effects to the hair primarily ease of combing, sheen, and soft feel. 

Regardless of how the conditioner is appHed or what the stmcture of the quaternary is, benefits provided to conditioned hair include the reduction of combing forces, increased luster, and improved antistatic properties. 

Prevention of Soil Crusting. Acid-based fertilizers such as Unocal s N/Furic (a mixture of urea with sulfuric acid), acidic polymers such as FMC s Spersal (a poly(maleic acid) derivative originally developed to treat boiler scale) (58), the anionic polyacrylamides described previously, as weU as lower molecular weight analogues such as Cytec s Aerotil L Soil Conditioner, have all been used successfully in at least some circumstances to prevent the formation of soil cmsts. It is difficult to prove benefits in the laboratory, and field tests may give variable results depending on local weather conditions. 

The leaching behaviour of fly ash is of considerable interest in horticulture, and the literature is extensive. In addition to the reclamation of fly ash disposal sites, fly ash is used extensively as a soil conditioner. Acidic agricultural soils benefit from the addition of alkaline fly ash, and essential plant nutrients present in the ash, such as B, Ca, Mg, K, S, Mn, and Zn are also added improving both chemical and physical properties (Clark et al. 1995 Sikka Kansal 1995). In coal mining areas, acid mine drainage... 

Social security systems have become less universal, less solidaristic, less protective and more differentiated, contributing to the growth of inequality and economic insecurity. Conditionalities for entitlement to state benefits have been tightened. 

Benefits A bitter aromatic herb traditionally used for its gentle sedative, calming properties. It is also used to calm the digestive system. It is a mild herb that has been used for children s complaints. Folklore German chamomile is used in toiletry and cosmetic preparations as a hair conditioner and lightener (Bown, 2003 British Herbal Medicine Association, 1983 Graenwald et al, 2002 Hutchens, 1973 Shealy, 1998 Tierra, 1998). 

EPA Class A or Class B biosolids can be land-applied. Land application serves two purposes (1) to provide an inexpensive fertilizer and soil conditioner and (2) to continue treatment of the sludge through exposure to sunlight, plant uptake of metals, and desiccation of pathogens. The benefits of biosolids land application include addition... 

The same principles apply in modern appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners. Fifty-three billion kilowatt hours of electricity are saved every year by improvements in major appliance energy efficiency made possible, to a great extent, by plastics. Without the benefits provided by polyurethane foam insulation, these appliances could use as much as 30 percent more energy, driving up our electricity bills and increasing spoilage. 

In formulating shampoos and conditioners to provide the above benefits, several unique factors must be considered. The products must act quickly, of the order of minutes, and at relatively low temperatures between 20 and 40°C. The viscosity of the formulations must also be sufficiently high to avoid runoff from the hand while still spreading easily on the hair. In addition, a shampoo must generate a rich and stable lather that can be rinsed easily. Finally, since shampoos and conditioners will be used in contact with skin and eyes, they must exhibit low toxicity and irritation. 

Table 10.5 lists various patents on hair conditioners granted since 1981. The development of more effective formulations with multiple benefits using novel... 

Ease of combing is, of course, one of the main benefits imparted to hair by a conditioner or conditioning shampoo. As such, the measured decrease in combing forces is frequently used to evaluate the effectiveness of a conditioning product. 

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