Netherlands benchmarking

Coats, E.A. The CoM FA steroids as a benchmark dataset for development of 3D-QSAR methods. In 3D QSAR in Drug Design, Vol. 3, Recent Advances, Kubinyi, H., Folkers, G., and Martin, Y.C. (Eds). Kluwer/ESCOM, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1998, 199-213. 

On an overall European scale, the results show that updating using an output-based uniform benchmark in the UK, Germany and The Netherlands has a smaller impact on emissions than... 

Figure 6. C02 Emissions with base case, updating using output-based uniform benchmark and output-based fuel-specific benchmark for Europe (EU23+10), England and Wales, Germany and The Netherlands (20 /tCO2, 2008-2012 only).

Most phase I NAPs provide for NE allocations based on a general emission rate and predicted activity level. For example in The Netherlands (NL), new entrants are allocated allowances based on projected output or fixed cap factor multiplied by uniform emission rate in line with that of a combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT). In France, Germany and Poland, C02-intensive power generators, such as coal-fired installations, receive the highest number of allowances per kW installed. The literature highlights the risk that NE provisions can create distortions (Harrison and Radov, 2002). In order to illustrate how these rules can impact electricity prices and C02 emissions in our GB simulations, we focus on two approaches one based on a uniform benchmark and one based on a fuel-specific benchmark. In both cases the forecast capacity factor of new entrants is fixed at 60%. 

As a result, the formal coordination within the European Union beyond the EU ETS Directive did not essentially influence the structure and the concrete rules of the German NAP. At the same time, the discussions in the other Member States played a role that should not be underestimated. Above all, information on the continuing discussions concerning the NAPs of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands was substantially important at a certain point. However, in spite of the very intensive debates at the various levels, the central points of the discussion in other states, like the allocation and the consideration of competition-related questions in the United Kingdom or the allocation on the basis of benchmarks in the Netherlands, did not find their way into the German NAP. Nevertheless, within the political debate focused on the individual rules of the NAP, different stakeholders always stressed examples from the discussions taking place in the other Member States. Policy by rumours constituted a facet of the... 

Activation was reintroduced by the report of the Hartz Commission who made references to good practices at the national levels, e g. models of effective cooperation between BA and municipalities in selected Mozart projects, as well as international best practices and benchmarking of labour market performance and pohcies. Hence, the Hartz reforms focus was inspired by activating policies for the unemployed in other European countries that were perceived to be more success-fill in lowering unemployment such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands or Denmark (Bruttel and Kemmerling 2006 Eichhorst et al. 2001 Fleckenstein 2004). 

EXHIBm.2 Bloomberg Screen of the Benchmark Government Bonds of The Netherlands... 

The most actively traded government securities for various maturities are called benchmark issues. Yields on these issues serve as reference interest rates which are used extensively for pricing other securities. Exhibit 1.2 is a Bloomberg screen of the benchmark bonds issued by the government of the Netherlands. European government bonds will be discussed in Chapter 5. As an illustration of a corporate bond. Exhibit 1.3 shows a Bloomberg Security Description screen for 4.875% coupon bond issued by Pirelli SPA that matures on 21 October 2008. 

Phylipsen, G. J. M., Blok, K., and Worrell, E. (1998). Benchmarking the Energy Efficiency of the Dutch Energy-Intensive Industry, A Preliminary Assessment of the Effects on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions, Department of Science, Technology and Society, Utrecht Univeisity, The Netherlands. 

The SUNflower approach was first presented in 2002 (Koomstra et al., 2002), when the road safety efforts of the three safest countries worldwide were compared Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The main aim of this comparison was to acquire better insight into the policy development processes of these three countries. It was hoped that this comparison would identify the crucial points that had made it possible for these nations to improve their respective road safety records, and to learn how further improvements could be achieved. Later, this approach was expanded to include nine countries (Wegman et al., 2008). These efforts eventually resulted in a proposal to benchmark the safety performance of countries and jurisdictions (states within countries, provinces) using a composite road safety performance index (Wegman et al., 2008 Wegman and Oppe, 2010). 

Iimovative ITS applications are tested at three test sites, in Helmond (The Netherlands) with an emphasis on cychsts, and in Valladolid and Alcala de Henares (Spain), with an emphasis on pedestrians. The major aim of the trials is to benchmark the reconunended practices regarding nsability and integration of VRUs in cooperative traffic systems. Based on the evalnation resnlts, an ex-post impact assessment is made of the applications tested in the trials. 

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