Behavioral observations operating procedures

The undelayed evaluation of state of a culture by using software sensors and computers, based on the quantitative analytical information provided by hardware sensors and intelligent analytical subsystems, constitutes an excellent basis for targeted process control. Experts - either human or computer - have the data and the deterministic knowledge to trace observed behavior back to the physical, chemical and physiological roots thereby gaining a qualitative improvement of bioprocess control, a quantum leap process control can act on the causes of effects rather than just cure symptoms. A simple standard operating procedure [398] has proven useful, namely ... 

The Exxon procedure is markedly different from the "planned 60-second actively caring review" implemented at a Hoechst Celanese plant. For this one-on-one coaching process, all employees attempt to complete a one-minute observation of another employee s work practices in five general categories body position, personal apparel, housekeeping, tools/equipment, and operating procedures. The initial plant goal was for each of the 800 employees to complete one 60-second behavioral observation every day. Results were entered into a computer file for a behavioral safety analysis of the work culture. 

Frequently, the observed individual uses the opportunity to point out an at-risk behavior necessitated by tire work environment or procedure, such as a difficult-to-reach valve, a hose-checking procedure too cumbersome for one auditor, a walking surface made slippery by an equipment leak, or a difficult-to-adjust machine guard. This often leads to improved environmental conditions or operating procedures. Another benefit is an increased perception of personal confrol for safety. 

The experimental conditions used to determine the CFPP do not exactly reflect those observed in vehicles the differences are due to the spaces in the filter mesh which are much larger in the laboratory filter, the back-pressure and the cooling rate. Also, research is continuing on procedures that are more representative of the actual behavior of diesel fuel in a vehicle and which correlate better with the temperature said to be operability , the threshold value for the Incident. In 1993, the CEN looked at two new methods, one called SFPP proposed by Exxon Chemicals (David et al., 1993), the other called AGELFI and recommended by Agip, Elf and Fina (Hamon et al., 1993). 

No serious attempt has yet been made to standardize filtration tests and to categorize filtration behavior in generally accepted terms. A possibly useful measure of filterability, however, has been proposed by Purchas (1977 1981). The time in minutes required to form a cake 1 cm thick when the cell is operated with a differential of 500Torr (0.67 bar) is called the Standard Cake Formation Time (SCFT), tF. The pressure of 500Torr is selected because it is obtained easily with common laboratory equipment. The procedure suggested is to make a series of tests at several cake thicknesses and to obtain the SCFT by interpolation, rather than to interrupt a single test to make observations of cake thickness. A direct relation exists, of course, between the SCFT and resistivity a some examples are... 

Operational verification of packaging components. A simulated production run is used to observe, assess, and document the performance of the equipment with packaging components. The behavior of the components on the equipment should be in accordance with the SOPs. Any discrepancies between the intended/planned and actual operation are corrected. After the corrections have been made, a simulated production run and the tests procedures are repeated and the results are documented. 

Because of the unusual traction behavior the question was asked whether the nematic liquid crystal phase maintained under shear. Liquid crystal phase changes are usually observed with the help of a polarizing microscope or X-ray techniques. However, these procedures do not lend themselves for use under operating conditions in a bearing. Infrared emission techniques through an infrared transparent window make such observations possible and b ause of our special expertise in this area, we applied them. 

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