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Bean, domestication

Chimwamurombe, P. (2008). ABS and creation of an enabling environment for innovation, is it an issue for SADC countries Marama bean domestication An ABS case. Build. Bridg. 3, 5-7. [Pg.240]

Caffeine. About 3% by weight of the roasted coffee bean is caffeine (16). The second U.S. Department of Agriculture world coffee crop estimate for 1988—1989 was 4.24 x 10 kg (93.3 million 100-lb bags) (102). World coffee consumption was predicted to rise in the foreseeable future at the rate of 1—2% per year and thus the total amount of caffeine and related alkaloids ingested from this source can also be expected to increase. Caffeine and related bases (eg, theophylline) are also found in various teas but, because most of the major producers (India, China, etc) export relatively Htfle of thek crops and keep most for domestic consumption, accurate figures on year-to-year production are more difficult to obtain. Nevertheless, these crops are of significant economic import (103). [Pg.557]

Soybeans are the most important oilseed in international trade. The United States, Bra2il, and Argentina are the main suppHers to the export markets. In 1994—1995, United States exports of 22.0 x 10 metric tons represented 32% of the domestic production, 16% of the world crop, and 69% of the international trade in soybeans. The European Union, Japan, Mexico, and Taiwan were the largest importers of soybeans (51). Japan, which produces <5% of its soybean needs, is the largest single soybean customer of the United States. Japan imported 3.4 x 10 t in 1994 (51). The United States also exports processed soybean products, eg, oil and meal. For 1990—1993, an average of 47% of the crop was exported as whole beans and processed products. [Pg.299]

Figures from 1994 and 1995 show that coffee is primarily imported to the U.S. in its green, unroasted form (Table 5).23 The U.S. imported nearly 2.3 billion worth of green coffee beans in 1994 and the total amount increased to close to 3 billion in 1995. The top three exporters of green coffee to the U.S. during 1994 and 1995 were Brazil, Mexico, and Columbia, accounting for 48% of the total volume of green coffee imported in 1995. While the U.S. is not considered a coffee-producing country, green coffee is imported not only for domestic consumption but also processed and exported elsewhere in the world. Figures from 1994 and 1995 show that coffee is primarily imported to the U.S. in its green, unroasted form (Table 5).23 The U.S. imported nearly 2.3 billion worth of green coffee beans in 1994 and the total amount increased to close to 3 billion in 1995. The top three exporters of green coffee to the U.S. during 1994 and 1995 were Brazil, Mexico, and Columbia, accounting for 48% of the total volume of green coffee imported in 1995. While the U.S. is not considered a coffee-producing country, green coffee is imported not only for domestic consumption but also processed and exported elsewhere in the world.
Keywords Common bean Diversity Domestication Evolution Origin Rhizobia... [Pg.172]

Origin, Domestication and Dispersal Routes of Common Bean... [Pg.174]

Papa R, Gepts P (2003) Asymmetry of gene flow and differential geographical structure of molecular diversity in wild and domesticated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Mesoamerica. Theor Appl Genet 106 239-250... [Pg.187]

Smartt J (1988) Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in Phaseolus beans under domestication. In Gepts P (ed) Genetics resources of Phaseolus beans their maintenance, domestication, evolution and utilization. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 543-560... [Pg.187]

Sonnante G, Stockton T, Nodari RO, Becerra Velasquez VL, Gepts P (1994) Evolution of genetic diversity during the domestication of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Theor Appl Genet 89 629-635... [Pg.187]

Zizumbo D, Colunga P, Payro de la Crus E, Delgado P, Gepts P (2005) Population structure and evolutionary dynamics of wild-weedy-domesticated complexes of common bean in a Mesoamerican region. Crop Sci 45 1073-1083... [Pg.188]

In 1998, PDP collected samples of apple juice, cantaloupe, grape juice, green beans, orange juice, pears, spinach, strawberries, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, winter squash, com symp, milk, and soybeans. A total of 8500 samples were collected. Most of these were from fmits and vegetables (7017) with lower numbers of samples collected for whole milk (595), soybeans (590) and com symp (298). The majority of samples (84 percent) was of domestic origin. Overall, 45 percent of the samples contained no detectable residue while 26 percent contained one residue and 29 percent contained more than one residue. Residues exceeding the tolerance level were detected on 0.15 percent of the samples. In another 3.7 percent of the samples, residues of pesticides were detected on commodities for which no tolerances of the pesticides were established (USDA, 2000). [Pg.301]

Oils from field-, frost-, moisture-, and storage-damaged beans usually have higher levels of free fatty acids and iron, lower levels of phosphorous, darker colors, and poorer flavor and oxidative stability in the finished products than do oils from undamaged beans. Such beans are difficult to process, and standard processing methods usually do not produce finished oUs that can meet soybean oil specifications for trading or domestic consumption. [Pg.1272]

Theobroma cacao ( theobroma means food of the gods ) is the scientific name for the cacao plant that produces the bean that is used to make chocolate. Cacoa is a tropical plant, a smaU evergreen tree that grows in the jungles of Central America and the Amazon and produces large pods full of cacao beans. Recent evidence suggests that this plant was first domesticated in South America and then spread through Central America. The beans were so important in Mesoamerica that they were used as currency in some areas. [Pg.141]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.15 , Pg.141 ]




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