Batch injection analysis amperometric detection

One of the benefits of electrochemical batch injection analysis is that dilution of the sample with electrolyte is not necessary, see below. A sample of volume =sl00p.L is injected directly from a micropipette, tip diameter 0.5 mm, over the centre of a macroelectrode exactly as in a wall-jet system. This is equivalent to a flow injection system with zero dispersion. During the injection, and after a short initial period to reach steady-state, the hydrodynamics is wall-jet type and a time-independent current is registered. BIA was first devised using amperometric, e.g., [31], and potentiometric, e.g., [34], detection. A typical amperometric trace is shown in Fig. 16.5. By using a programmable, motorised electronic... 

Another important application of the supramolecular porphyrin films is in the determination of drugs (e.g., acetaminophen in pharmaceutical formulations). This work was recently performed (287) by means of batch injection analysis (BIA) utilizing amperometric detection with glassy carbon electrodes modified with [Co (4-TRPyP)](CF3S03)5 films. 

Silva, R.A.B., Montes, R.H.O., Richter, E.M. and Munoz, R.A.A. (2012) Rapid and selective determination of hydrogen peroxide residues in milk by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection. Food Chem., 133,200-204. 

Brett, A.M.O., Matysik, F.-M. and Vieira, M.T. (1997) Thin-film gold electrodes produced by magnetron sputtering. Voltammetric characteristics and application in batch injection analysis with amperometric detection. Electroanalysis, 9, 209. 

FIGURE 1.8 Scheme of a Perspex cell used for amperometric detection in batch injection analysis (a) working disk electrode, (b) ring electrode, (c) auxiliary electrode, (d) saturated calomel reference electrode, and (e) micropipette tip. (Adapted from Brett, C. M. A., A. M. O. Brett, and L. C. Mitoseriu. 1997. Electroanalysis 7 225-234.)... 

Gimenes, D. T., M. C. Marra, R. A. A. Munoz, L. Angnes, and E. M. Richter. 2014. Determination of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection and capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Anal. Methods 6(10) 3261-3267. 

Tormin, T. F., R. R. Cunha, E. M. Richter, and R. A. A. Munoz. 2012. Fast simultaneous determination of BFFA and TBHQ antioxidants in biodiesel by batch injection analysis using pulsed-amperometric detection. Talanta 99 527-531. 

Amperometric batch injection analysis also presents high potential for many applications. In this technique, a motorized pipette dispenses small volume of sample in a controlled way on the working electrode surface assuring the reproducibility of the signal. A study utilizing BIA and electrodes modified with the electropolymerized Mn-TSPP/silver nanocomposite was utilized for quantification of hydrazine in a very favorable potential (h-0.010 V vs. Ag/AgCl), in a wide concentration window (2.5 x 10 to 2.5 x 10 " mol L ). The repeatability (RSD = 0.84 %, for 30 repetitions), detection limit (3.1 x 10 mol L ), and... 

Tormin, T.F., et al., 2011. Fast and direct determination of butylated hydroxyanisole in biodiesel by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection. Talanta 85 (3), 1274—1278. Available at http //www.sciencedirect.eom/science/article/pii/S0039914011004930... 

The formation of Cu(lll) on the surface of the electrode in alkaline medium was explored to catalyze the oxidation of acetyl salicylic acid. The quantification of this compound in pharmaceutical formulations was done using amperometric measurements in association with batch injection analysis (BIA). A detection limit of... 

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