Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

J.G.A. Brito-Neto, J.A.F. da Silva, L. Blanes and C.L. do Lago, Understanding capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Part 1. Fundamentals, Electroanalysis, 17 (2005) 1198-1206. 

P. Kuban and P.C. Hauser, Effects of the cell geometry and operating parameters on the performance of an external contactless conductivity detector for microchip electrophoresis, Lab Chip, 5 (2005) 407-415. J.G.A. Brito-Neto, J.A.F. da Silva, L. Blanes and C.L. do Lago, Understanding capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Part 2. Peak shape, stray capacitance, noise, and actual electronics, Electroanalysis, 17 (2005) 1207-1214. 

Tanyanyiwa, J., Hauser, P.C., High-voltage capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for microchip capillary electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74(24), 6378-6382. 

Other applications of CE to analyze food additives include the determination of vitamin C and preservatives (benzoate and sorbate) by both conventional CE and microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The separation was optimized by adjusting the pH value of the buffer and the use of hydroxypropyl- -CD (HP- -CD) and CTAB as additives. For conventional CE, optimal separation conditions were achieved in a histidine/tartrate buffer at pH 6.5, containing 0.025% HP-f)-CD and 0.25 mM CTAB with a LOD ranging from 0.5 to 3 mg/L, whereas a histidine/tartrate buffer with 0.06% HP-fl-CD and 0.25 mM CTAB gave a LOD ranging from 3 to 10 mg/mL. By using a microchip electrophoresis format, a considerable reduction of analysis time was accomplished. ... 

Law, W. S., Kuba, R, Zhao, J. H., Li, S. F. Y., and Hauser, P. C., Determination of vitamin C and preservatives in beverages by conventional capillary electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis, 26, 4648, 2005. 

A. J. Zemann, Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 24, 2125, 2003. 

Coupling of FIA with GD is the most frequent. For example for ammonium determination several FIA—GD systems have been developed. Different detection methods coupled with GD—FIA system have been compared elsewhere [69]. Other examples are an FIA—GD system exploiting conductometric detection for Kjeldahl-produced ammonia [70], an FIA—GD system [71] applied to clinical blood samples using a bulk acoustic wave impedance sensor, a GD—FIA system using a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) [72] and a GD—FIA with conductometric detection to monitor the ammonium content in open ocean seawater samples [73]. 

HR. Braz, D.T. Ito, J.AR. da Silva, C.L. do Lago, J.J. Pedrotti, Trace levels determination of ammonium by flow injection analysis using gas-diffusion and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electroanalysis 23 (2011) 2594-2600. 

K. Sereenonchai, S. Teerasong, S. Chan-Eam, P. Saetear, N. Choengchan, K. Uraisin, N. Amomthammarong, S. Motomizu, D. Nacapricha, A low-cost method for determination of calcium carbonate in cement by membraneless vaporization with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, Talanta 81 (2010) 1040-1044. 

Kuban, P. and Hauser, PC. (2008) A review of the recent achievements in capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Anal. Chim. Acta, 607, 15-29. 

Bergamoa, A.B., Silvaa, J. A.F and Jesusa, D.P. (2011) Simultaneous determination of aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin and acesulfame-K in soft drinks and tabletop sweetener formulations by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Food Chem., 124, 1714-1717. 

Elbashir, A.A. and Aboul-Enein, H.Y. (2012) Recent advances in applications of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) an update. Biomed. Chromatogr., 26, 990-1000. 

Mori, M., Kaseda, M., Yamamoto, T., Yamada, S., and Itabashi, H. (2012) Capillary ion electrophoresis-capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection of inorganic cations in human saliva on a polyvinyl alcohol-coated capillary. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 402 (7), 2425-2430. 

Gimenes, D. T., M. C. Marra, R. A. A. Munoz, L. Angnes, and E. M. Richter. 2014. Determination of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide by batch injection analysis with amperometric detection and capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Anal. Methods 6(10) 3261-3267. 

Ding YS, Rogers K (2010) Determination of haloacetic acids in water using solid-phase extraction/microchip capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 31 2 2-2607... 

---