Basin North American

These different sites of hydrothermal and ore-forming activity may have resulted from the mode of subduction of the Pacific Plate. Mariana-type subduction (characterized by a steep angle of subduction and back-arc basin formation Uyeda and Kanamori, 1979) during middle Miocene caused WNW-ESE extension, submarine hydrothermal activity, thick accumulation of bimodal (basaltic and dacitic) volcanic activity (Green tuff) and Kuroko-type formation (Shikazono and Shimizu, 1993). Plio-Pleistocene Chilean-type subduction (shallow-dipping subduction zone, E-W compression Uyeda and Kanamori, 1979) and oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate led to uplift and expansion of land area, subaerial hydrothermal activity accompanied by meteoric water circulation, subaerial andesitic volcanic activity and formation of vein-type deposits. 

Staudigel H, Plank T, White B, Schmincke H-U (1996) Geochemical fluxes during seafloor alteration of the basaltic upper oceanic crust DSDP Sites 417 and 418. In Subduction Top to Bottom. Bebout GE, Scholl DW, Kirby SH, Platt JP(eds), AGU, Washington DC, p 19-37 Suman DO, Bacon MP (1989) Variations in Holocene sedimentation in the North American Basin determined by °Th measurements. Deep Sea Res 36 869-787... 

Figure 16. Depth profiles from three ODP Sites, showing Li isotopic composition variations in pore waters (open symbols) and associated sediments (filled symbols), (a) Site 918, Irminger Basin, north Atlantic (Zhang et al. 1998) (b) Site 1038, Escanaba Trough, northeastern Pacific (James et al. 1999) (c) site 1039, Middle American Trench off of Costa Rica (Chan and Kastner 2000). The average composition of seawater is noted on each profile with dashed line (note different scales). Whereas sediments have relatively monotonous compositions, pore waters have compositions reflecting different origins and processes in each site. Interpretations of the data are summarized in the text under, Marine pore fluid-mineral processes. ...

Quaternary deep sea sediments of the North American basin. Journ. 

Mulch A, Teyssier C, Chamberlain CP (2005b) Stable isotope-based paleoelevation reconstructions in coupled basin-detachment systems Cenozoic topography of the North American Cordillera. Geol Soc Am Abstracts with Programs 37 273... 

Sources of Sulfur in Coal and Oil. The major coal beds of eastern North America are of Pennsylvanian age. During that time, there was a constantly fluctuating sea level across flat lowlands over the North American interior. Coal was formed just before the onset of marine conditions, so that coal swamp forests occurred on broad lands along or near the sea shore. Thicker sections accumulated on the more rapidly subsiding Illinois and Forest City basins and in the Appalachia fireland basin (14). 

Example Mid-Atlantic Ridge. North American Atlantic and Gulf Coast Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Aleutian trench. Siwalik scries of India, Bengal submarine fan. Triassic of Eastern North America. Michigan and Eastern interior basins of North America. 

Telang, S.A., Puckington, R., Naidu, A.S., Romankevich, E.A., Gitelson, I.I., and Gladyshev, M.I. (1991) Carbon and mineral transport in major North American, Russian Arctic and Siberian Rivers, the St. Lawrence, the Mackenzie, the Arctic Alaskan rivers, the Arctic Basin rivers in the Soviet Union and the Yenisei. In Biogeochemistry of Major Rivers (Degens, E.T., Kempe, S., and Richey, J.E., eds.), pp. 77-104, John Wiley, New York. 

Differences in river basin morphology, soil characteristics, rainfall, and land use in a watershed Influence phosphorus transport in a fluvial system. However, the dominance of iron oxides as an inorganic phosphate sink and the discharge dependent behavior of calcium carbonate-phosphate minerals found in this study would be expected to exist in other calcareous agricultural regions of New York State as well. Mountainous terrain and areas of sand and muck soil would probably not exhibit the same behavior. It would seem that the results of this study could also apply to other agricultural watersheds adjacent to the North American Great Lakes. 

Armstrong R. L. and Ward P. L. (1993) Late Triassictoearhest Eocene magmatism in the North American Cordillera imphcations for the western interior basin. In Evolution of the Western Interior Basin, Geol. Ass. Can. Spec. Pap. (eds. W. G. E. Caldwell and E. G Kauffman). Geological Association of Canada, St. Johns, Newfoundland, vol. 39, pp. 49-72. 

Suman D. O. and Bacon M. P. (1989) Variations in Holocene sedimentation in the North-American Basin determined from Th measurements. Deep-Sea Res. I Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 36(6), 869-878. 

French equatorial Atlantic eastern tropical Pacihc (MANOP sites M and H) western subtropical Atlantic, east North American continental slope and rise Gulf of Mexico Santa Barbara Basin, Long Island Sound Peru continental margin central Pacific gyre (includes data sets from references 1 -5)... 

Bethke, C.M., Harrison, W.J., Upson, C. and S.P. Altaner, 1988. Supercomputer analysis of sedimentary basins. Science, Vol. 239, pp. 233-324 Bethke, C.M. and S. Marshak, 1990. Brine migrations across North America - The plate tectonics of groundwater. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 18, pp. 287-315 Bethke, C.M., Reed, J.D. and D.F. Oltz, 1991. Long-range petroleum migration in the Illinois Basin. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 925-945... 

The Permian Phosphoria Formation in the northwestern Interior United States contains two phosphatic and organic-ncarbon-rich shale members, the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member and the Retort Phosphatic Shale Member. Ihese rocks were formed at the periphery of a foreland basin between the Paleozoic continental margin and the North American cratonic shelf. The concentration, distribution, and coincidence of phosphorite, organic carbon, and many trace elements within these shale members probably were coincident with areas of optimum trophism and biologic productivity related to areas of upwelling. In the Phosphoria sea upwelling is indicated to have occurred by sapropel that was deposited adjacent to shoals near the east flank of the depositional basin. 

The Phosphoria Formation was deposited in a foreland basin between the Continental margin and the North American cratonic shelf. This foreland basin, which is here defined by the area of deposition of the two organic-ncarbon-rich mudstone members of the Phosphoria (fig. 1), has been named the Sublett basin (8)5 and it covers an extensive area of approximately 400,000 knr (about 700 km by 600 km). The basin has a northwest-southeast-trending axis and seems to have been deepest in central Idaho where deep-water sedimentary rocks equivalent to the Phosphoria Formation are exceptionally thick. The depth decreased toward the shelves and land areas indicated in figure 1. The deepest part of the Sublett... 

Origin of Organic Matter in North American Basin Cretaceous Black Shales... 

With eustatic sea level transgression and flooding of continental lowlands, transport of terrigenous organic matter into the North American basin may have increased. Analyses of Upper Cretaceous sediments from DSDP Site 6O3B, lower continental rise east of Cape Hatteras, indicate that, the organic matter was continentally derived. d C values of -23.5 to 27.1°/oo, C/N ratios of 32 to 72, and lipid class maxima of unbound alkanes (C-. and Cp-), unbound fatty acids (C and C2g) and bound fatty acids (C-g. 

Figure 1. Location map with physiographic features of the North American Basin, and location of DSDP Site 603 and other DSDP drill sites In the North Atlantic Ocean. Bathymetry after Uchupl, 1971 (10).

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