Geochemical fluxes

The magnitude of fluid flow rates and the modulation of fluid flow rates over time have long been two of the most significant questions in seep research, as these are crucial variables in estimating mass flux from cold seeps (Suess 

---

Wolery, T.J. and Sleep, N.H. (1976) Hydrothermal circulation and geochemical flux at midocean ridges. J. Geol., 84, 249-275. 

Staudigel H, Plank T, White B, Schmincke H-U (1996) Geochemical fluxes during seafloor alteration of the basaltic upper oceanic crust DSDP Sites 417 and 418. In Subduction Top to Bottom. Bebout GE, Scholl DW, Kirby SH, Platt JP(eds), AGU, Washington DC, p 19-37 Suman DO, Bacon MP (1989) Variations in Holocene sedimentation in the North American Basin determined by °Th measurements. Deep Sea Res 36 869-787... 

Table 9. The bio geochemical fluxes and pools in the Oak Forest ecosystem of Central Europe.

Table 9. Bio geochemical fluxes and exposure to heavy metals in various plant species of Savanna ecosystems of East Africa (after Dobrovolsky, 1994).

Wheat CG, Mottl MJ (2000) Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare Global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64 629-642 White DE, Thompson JM, Fournier RO (1976) Lithium contents of thermal and mineral waters. In Lithium Resources and Requirements by the Year 2000. Vine JD (ed) U.S. Geol Surv Prof Pap 1005 58-60 Xiao YK, Beary ES (1989) High-precision isotopic measurement of lithium by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Int J Mass Spect Ion Proc 94 101-114... 

Staudigel H., Plank T., White W. M., and Schmincke H.-U. (1996) Geochemical fluxes during seafloor alteration of the upper oceanic crust DSDP sites 417 and 418. In SUBCON Subduction from Top to Bottom (eds. G. E. Bebout and S. H. Kirby). American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, vol. 96, pp. 19-38. 

Wheat C. G. and Mottl M. J. (2000) Composition of pore and spring waters from Baby Bare global implications of geochemical fluxes from a ridge flank hydrothermal system. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64(4), 629-642. 

Evans I. J. (1989) Geochemical fluxes during shale diagenesis, an example from the Ordovician of Morocco. Water-Rock Interact. WRI-6, 219-222. 

Cold seeps also host abundant and diverse microbial communities that have important impacts on geochemical fluxes to the oceans (see review by Aharon, 2000 Orphan etal., 2001). There has been even less isolation and culturing of seep microbes compared to that of hydrothermal vents. Instead, most microbial investigations have used molecular tools to identify those organisms present in seep sediments (e.g. Boetius etal., 2000 Orphan etal., 2001, 2002 Teske etal.,... 

---