Basic Organic Chemicals

Note that ethylbenzene is a derivative of two basic organic chemicals, ethylene and benzene. A vapor-phase method with boron trifluoride, phosphoric acid, or alumina-silica as catalysts has given away to a liquid-phase reaction with aluminum chloride at 90°C and atmospheric pressure. A new Mobil-Badger zeolite catalyst at 420°C and 175-300 psi in the gas phase may be the method of choice for future plants to avoid corrosion problems. The mechanism of the reaction involves complexation of the... 

As we learned in Chapter 8, the official production of propylene is usually about half that of ethylene, only because a large part of the propylene is used by petroleum refineries internally to alkylate gasolines. This captive use is not reported. Of the propylene used for chemical manufacture, nearly 40% is polymerized to polypropylene, to be discussed in a later chapter. Of the remaining amount of propylene, seven chemicals from the top 50 are manufactured. These are listed in Table 10.1. Their industrial manufacturing methods are summarized in Fig. 10.1. Note that four of these chemicals, cumene, phenol, acetone, and bisphenol A, are also derived from a second basic organic chemical, benzene. 

Source Oil spills. Tire basic organic chemicals industry is responsible for 82.53 t/yr of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) direct releases into water. 

Chemicals, Manufacturing Other Basic Organic Chemicals/Biofuels Paints Coatings, Manufacturing Energy... 

TABLE 2.2 Basic Chemical Manufacturing, NAICS Code 3251, and its Five-Digit Components and Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing, Code 32519, and Its Six-Digit Components. Shipment Value and Employees are from 1997 U.S. Economic Census2... 

Other basic organic chemical manufacturing NAICS Code 32519 and Its Components 62,225,056 54.05 101,706... 

A qualitative comparison of the activity of the chemical industry of each country is given in Table 4.1, which broadly compares turnovers and trade balances. France and Germany primarily produce basic organic chemicals whereas UK manufacturing is based on higher value specialty and fine chemicals. Sweden s industrial activities are spread across the three sub-sectors. 

Although the homologation reaction was originally restricted to aliphatic alcohols, its scope has been extended to a broad range of basic organic chemicals (eq. (3)). 

Zou Renjun et al., Reaction Engineering in Basic Organic Chemical Industry, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 1981. 

Sucrose ( sugar ) and lactose ( milk sugar ) are the most important disaccharides (Figure 3.3). Sucrose as the royal carbohydrate [16] is produced on a scale of 160 million tonnes annually, whereas 300 0001 of lactose are produced each year. In the period 2005-2006, the bulk-quantity price of sucrose was about 0.25 kg-1 and that of lactose about 0.60 kg-1 [6]. Due to these prices, which are comparable to those of basic organic chemicals, and their large-scale accessibility, intense efforts to boost... 

Basic Organic Chemicals Intermediates, Solvents, Detergents, Dyes... 

Going into chemical labs, it can be readily observed that basic organic chemicals are abbreviated in a different way. The acronyms used vary from department to department, even within a single university or company site. Obviously, nobody takes care that the experimenters label their bottles with the chemicals in a unique manner. For example, phthalic anhydride is abbreviated as PA, PSA, or PAN, the latter acronym being readily confused with poly(acrylonitrile). 

From Table 14.3, we can easily generate some examples for this nomenclature system. In Table 14.4 we give a few examples for this type of nomenclature. Of course, this nomenclature is applicable only to basic organic chemicals with a comparatively simple structure. 

---