Basic dyes properties

Uses Dispersant for disperse dyes leveling agent for acid dyes stripping agent for basic dyes Properties Liq. 

Uses Dye dispersant, antiprecipitant for polyamide, polyacrylonitrile fibers Features Prevents soiling of dyeing machines by basic dyes Properties Flakes Breviol DS [Cognis/Textiles ]... 

Uses Antiprecipitantfor nylon compatlblllzerfor preventing precipitation In cat-lonlc/anlonlc dyebaths esp. useful In low liquor continuous dyeing of caqiet with acid and basic dyes aids sol. and hard water stability of acid and basic dyes Properties Liq. 90% cone. 

Uses Textile aux., stabilizer, wetting agent aux. for space dyeing of polyamide and acrylic carpet yarns with acid, metal complex, and basic dyes Properties Colorless or It. yish. liq. 6,5-7.5 (10% sol n.)... 

Uses Dyeing assistant, reserving agent for polyamide fibers against anionic dyes Features Allows them to be dyed with basic dyes Properties Paste... 

When scouring synthetic fibres that are to be dyed with disperse dyes, nonionic scouring agents are best avoided unless they are formulated to have a high cloud point and are known not to adversely affect the dispersion properties of the dyes. Conversely, when scouring acrylic fibres, anionic surfactants should be avoided [156] because they are liable to interfere with the subsequent application of basic dyes. These fibres are usually scoured with an ethoxylated alcohol, either alone or with a mild alkali such as sodium carbonate or a phosphate. 

Only the products associated with acid and premetallised dyes are dealt with in this section. The auxiliaries used with mordant dyes are covered in section 5.8. Anionic acid dyes, applied principally to wool and nylon, vary widely in their fastness and level-dyeing properties (section 3.2.2) in general, the higher the wet fastness of a dye the more difficult it is to apply evenly. Hence it is not surprising that the use of auxiliaries with acid dyes is related mainly to level-dyeing properties. There are two basic aspects ... 

Difficulties of incompatibility can arise with mixtures of basic dyes on acrylic fibres because of competition for the limited number of dyeing sites available and the differences between dyes in terms of affinity and rate of diffusion. The rate of uptake of each dye when applied in admixture with another is invariably slower than when the dye is applied alone at the same concentration. Competition effects of this kind can lead to serious practical problems unless the dyes are carefully designed and selected to have similar dyeing characteristics [97,98,104,105]. Dyes with exceptionally low affinity and rapid rates of diffusion have been developed, offering improved migration on acrylic fibres [106]. These dyes have migration properties not unlike those of monosulphonated acid dyes on nylon. 

Table 3.32 Migration properties of thiazine basic dyes on acrylic fibre [134]...

Derivatives of triphenylmethane were among the earliest synthetic colorants, and are still in demand where bright, intense colours are needed without the necessity for outstanding fastness to light and chemical reagents. Basic dyes of this type, as well as other cationic dyes, are suitable for dyeing conventional acrylic fibres, on which they show better fastness properties than on natural fibres. The photodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes has been reviewed [42]. 

These polymorphs are divided into three subgroups by virtue of the staining properties of their cytoplasmic contents when treated with dye mixtures. Thus, eosinophils stain with acid dyes such as eosin and appear red in stained blood films, basophils stain with basic dyes and appear blue whilst neutrophils stain with both types of dye and their cytoplasm appears purple. The differences between the cytoplasmic contents in these cells types is much more fundamental than is suggested by these simple staining properties. The granules of basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils contain distinct molecular constituents that confer upon the cells their specialised functions during infection and inflammation. 

The Reactions of the Dyes.—The basic triphenylmethane dyes are the neutral salts of monacid quinonoid ammonium bases. Their dyeing properties are explained on the meriquinonoid principle (WillstStter) discussed on p. 319. In the present case this principle holds intra-molecularly. From fuchsonimine... 

Zirconyl chloride is used to make pigment toners and improve properties of color lakes of acid and basic dyes. Also, it is used to prepare body deodorants and antiperspirant, water repellant, dye precipitant, catalysts, and many zirconium compounds. 

Derivatives of a-diaminodihydroxyanthraquinones are the most important disperse dyes with respect to shade and affinity. The dye properties may be optimized by introducing suitable substituents, selecting the positions of the isomers, and blending. Some of these properties can be illustrated with the three basic structures 9-11. 

Just as collagen fibers may suffer changes in staining properties so may elastin if it is damaged by the action of enzymes or by too severe isolation procedures. Rupture of a peptide bond results in the appearance of a new a-amino and a new a-carboxyl group and these added to the very few acidic and basic groups in elastin result in a much increased affinity for acidic and basic dyes. Concurrently the affinity for phenolic dyes may be reduced, particularly in acid or alkaline solutions, due to the repulsive forces set up by the increased charge. 

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