Ball-on-disc

One of the aims of the present study was to set up a combinatorial test that could be effectively applied at both low and high temperatures without artificially expanding the contact region with closely spaced multiple radii. Earlier publications [7, 8, 11] relied on this approach in order to overcome the resolution limits of the XPS instmments employed. The newer generation of XPS spectrometers, however, is able to focus a monochromatic X-ray beam down to 5-10 pm, and this allows imaging and small-area XPS measurements to be performed on single wear tracks produced in a ball-on-disc experiment. 

The wear test was carried out using the ball-on-disc tribometer for TiAlSiN film against SUJ2 ball under applied load of ION. Figure 5 shows the comparison of the mass loss between the substrate and the films. It is clear that for the substrate, the... 

Mixed and full film EHD friction (or traction) is measured using a ball on disc traction rig, as shown in Figure 4. Traction measurements are made between a steel ball and a steel disc at a range of different slide/roll ratios using a fixed disc speed. Measurements were made at a series of temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 135 C. 

The friction curves of a ball on disc sliding wear test rig were evaluated (fig. 23). 

Raman microspectrometry has been applied to in situ pressure measurements in an elastohydrodynamically lubricated (EHL) point contact. An experimental set-up coupling a Raman spectrometer and an elastohydrodynamic ball on disc test rig has been developed. Pressure profiles and maps have been recorded under pure rolling conditions for a wide range of applied loads, rolling speeds and lubricant temperatures. 

The work function of the rubbing surfaces and the electron affinity of additives are interconnected on the molecular level. This mechanism has been discussed in terms of tribopolymerization models as a general approach to boundary lubrication (Kajdas 1994, 2001). To evaluate the validity of the anion-radical mechanism, two metal systems were investigated, a hard steel ball on a softer steel plate and a hard ball on an aluminum plate. Both metal plates emit electrons under friction, but aluminum produced more exoelectrons than steel. With aluminum, the addition of 1% styrene to the hexadecane lubricating fluid reduced the wear volume of the plate by over 65%. This effect considerably predominates that of steel on steel. Friction initiates polymerization of styrene, and this polymer formation was proven. It was also found that lauryl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, and vinyl acetate reduced wear in an aluminum pin-on-disc test by 60-80% (Kajdas 1994). 

The ball and disc integrator is capable of excellent results on all but the most exacting analyses. The recorder used with it should be of top quality and in excellent working order to obtain full capability of the integrator. 

Fine coals in wash plant slurries Light hydrocarbon oil for selective flocculation heavy oil for balling. High intensity mixer for flocculate beneficiation, balling on a disc. 

Typical Response Peaks. Figure 2 shows some typical response peaks for the HPLC separation of the saturates and aromatics in a typical vacuum gas oil. The curve in the upper portion of the figure is the response for the sample using the RI detector. After the saturates peak appeared, the backflush valve was switched and the attenuation changed as indicated in the figure. The peaks were very sharp and symmetrical and appeared in less than 10-min lapsed time from the point of injection. Base line drift was minimal and the areas of the response peaks were obtained with a ball and disc integrator on the strip chart recorder. 

A. Bdrger, P. Supancic, and R. Danzer, "The Ball on three Balls Test for Strength Testing of Brittle Discs - Stress Distribution in the Disc", Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 

Figure 7. Adhesive wear measured in a ball on disk arrangement (a) MeC H and TiN coated discs and a disc of ball bearing steel 100Cr6 and (b) wear of the counterpart (100Cr6 ball). Measurements were performed under ambient conditions.

Borger, A., Supandc, P., and Danzer, R. (2002) The ball on three balls test for strength testing of brittle discs — stress distribution in the disc. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 22 (8), 1425-1436. 

Ball On the tribostressed regions on the balls at all temperatures, similar spectra were observed as on the tribotracks on the discs stressed with high loads. 

Ball check, which has a ball-shaped disc that rests on a beveled, round seat. The ball is down when flow is idle and up when flow is active. Special guides keep the ball disc in place. Like the swing check, it is designed to close when flow reverses. Ball checks are ideal for systems where flow rates fluctuate. The ball check is as durable as a lift check and more durable than a swing check. 

Evolution of (a) the mean coefficient of friction and (b) current of an AISI 316L SS disc (20 mm diameter and 6 mm height) after subjecting it to corrosion wear against an alumina ball (6 mm 0) in an acetate buffer.The AljOj nanoparticles (150 nm) were added as a 20 vol.% suspension (1 1 mixture of deionized water and acetate buffer) (conditions -0.5V/MSE load 6N frequency 2 Hz configuration standard ball-on-flat) alumina ball-on-316L flat) (Radice, 2006). 

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