Balancing Protection

The output of each power range channel is directly proportional to reactor power and typically covers a range from 0% to 125% of full power, but varies with each reactor. The output of each channel is displayed on a meter in terms of power level in percent of full rated power. The gain of each instrument is adjustable which provides a means for calibrating the output. This adjustment is normally determined by using a plant heat balance. Protective actions may be initiated by high power level on any two channels this is termed coincidence operation. 

The lamp spectrum used for SPF determination in vivo strongly dilfers from solar radiation as the visible light is completely cut off, leading also to a reduction of the UVA part. It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that sunscreens with mainly UVB protection have lower SPF under real-life conditions than expected from the clinical SPF determination. On the other hand, sunscreens with a balanced protection in the UVA and UVB perform approximately independent of the properties of the light source. 

Grigsby CL, Leong KW (2010) Balancing protection and release of DNA tools to address a bottleneck of non-viral gene delivery. J R Soc Interface 7 S67-S82... 

Phosphoms is stored and handled under a protective layer of water. Production quantities are transferred as a Hquid by either water displacement or pumps, with water recycle to maintain the water balance and cover. In earlier times, phosphoms was sometimes stored in underground tanks or pits, but as of the 1990s storage is limited to tanks located inside diked areas that are accessible on the outside for safety and leakage control. 

In 1986, Congress passed the Electric Consumers Protection Act (ECPA), which set the foundation for more efficient relicensing of hydropower facihties, enhanced competition among apphcants for relicensing, and ensured a balance between environmental interests and the need for hydropower development. 

In poly(vinyl acetate) copolymer emulsions, the properties are significantly affected by the composition of the aqueous phase and by the stabilizers and buffers used iu the preparation of these materials, along with the process conditions (eg, monomer concentrations, pH, agitation, and temperature). The emulsions are milk-white Hquids containing ca 55 wt % PVAc, the balance being water and small quantities of wetting agents or protective coUoids. 

Most recent studies (69) on elevated temperature performance of carbon fiber-based composites show that the oxidation resistance and elevated temperature mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites are complex and not always direcdy related to the oxidation resistance of the fiber. To some extent, the matrix acts as a protective barrier limiting the diffusion of oxygen to the encased fibers. It is therefore critical to maintain interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix, and limit any microcracking that may serve as a diffusion path for oxygen intmsion. Since interfacial performance typically deteriorates with higher modulus carbon fibers it is important to balance fiber oxidative stabiHty with interfacial performance. 

The best oxidation inhibitors are not usually the best antio2onants (qv). A disubstituted i ra-phenylenediamine such as AJ-isopropyl-AT-phenyl- -phenylenediamine is often selected for that purpose. -Phenylenediamine derivatives iaterfere with cure chemistry and scorchiness, and can stain objects ia contact with the vulcani2ate (114). On balance, /V-(1,3-dimethy1buty1)-/V-phenyl- -phenylenediamine and phenyl /to1y1- -pheny1enediamines have the best combination of properties. They are less scorchy and provide excellent o2one and heat resistance. Additional protection is gained ia blends with a small amount of EPDM mbber (126). 

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