Balanced equations ratios

If all the NO is used, we will need half as many moles of 02 because of the two-to-one balanced equation ratio. Half of the 3.30, or 1.65 moles, of 02 is required. There is more than enough 02, with 3.13 moles, so it would work to use all the NO. Then 3.13 - 1.65 = 1.48 moles of 02 are left over. 

The equilibrium ratios are not fixed in a separation calculation and, even for an isothermal system, they are functions of the phase compositions. Further, the enthalpy balance. Equation (7-3), must be simultaneously satisfied and, unless specified, the flash temperature simultaneously determined. 

DGA Partial derivative of the enthalpy balance equation (7-14) with respect to the vapor-feed ratio. 

The hunnidity ratio oJ a rotjm at any given time is given by a Jatent heat balance equation including the water vapor flows due to infiltration to ventilation to moisture transport through envelope elements... 

The law of combining volumes, like so many relationships involving gases, is readily explained by the ideal gas law. At constant temperature and pressure, volume is directly proportional to number of moles (V = kin). It follows that for gaseous species involved in reactions, the volume ratio must be the same as the mole ratio given by the coefficients of the balanced equation. 

Avogadro s Hypothesis provides a method for identifying the molecules present in a gas. Also, it explains why the volumes of gases that react with each other are in the same simple ratio as are the moles in the balanced equation. The importance of these results makes the explana-... 

In Fig. 26, the dotted lines correspond to 100% quality at the tube exit and represent the 0/G ratios obtained from the following heat-balance equation for a uniformly heated tube (with k = 1) ... 

To find out the mass of a product that can be formed from a known mass of a reactant, we first convert the grams of reactant into moles, use the mole ratio from the balanced equation, and then convert the moles of product formed into grams. Essentially, we go through three steps ... 

Sanger, M. J. (2005). Evaluating students conceptual understanding of balanced equations and stoichiometric ratios using a particulate drawing. Jownua/ of Chemical Education, 52(1), 131-134. 

How many moles of H2 are needed to make 4.0 moles of NH3 According to the balanced equation, 2 mol of NH3 requires 3 mol of H2. The ratio of stoichiometric coefficients from a balanced equation is called the stoichiometric ratio. We now apply this ratio to the desired amount of NH3 ... 

All changes are related by stoichiometry. Each ratio of changes in amount equals the ratio of stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation. In the example above, the changes in amounts for H2 and N2 are in the ratio 3 1, the same as the ratio for the coefficients of H2 and N2 in the balanced equation. 

C04-0146. The largest single use of sulfuric acid is for the production of phosphate fertilizers. The acid reacts with calcium phosphate in a 2 1 mole ratio to give calcium sulfate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The mixture is crushed and spread on fields, where the salts dissolve in rain water. (Calcium phosphate, commonly found in phosphate rock, is too insoluble to be a direct source of phosphate for plants.) (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with calcium phosphate, (b) How many kilograms each of sulliiric acid and calcium phosphate are required to produce 50.0 kg of the calcium sulfate-dihydrogen phosphate mixture (c) How many moles of phosphate ion will this mixture provide ... 

Each equilibrium expression described so far contains a ratio of concentrations of products and reactants. Moreover, each concentration is raised to a power equal to its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced equation for the overall reaction. Concentration ratios always have products in the numerator and reactants in the... 

The gas is at high concentration and therefore the column component balance equations are based on mole ratio concentration units. The form of the balance equations follow those of Sec. 4.4.1. 

Most chemical reactions do not progress completely from reactants to products. Instead, the net reaction stops in the forward direction when equilibrium is established. Analysis of the contents of the reaction vessel would show a constant concentration of monomers and polymer once equilibrium is reached. This situation is actually a dynamic equilibrium, where the monomers are forming polymers at the same rate as the polymers depolymerize to monomer. Therefore, at equilibrium, the net concentrations of any one species remains constant. The amount of monomer converted into polymer will be defined by the equilibrium constant, K. This constant is the ratio of the concentration of the products to the reactants, with each concentration raised to the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation. For Eq. 3.5 ... 

A chemical equation describes a chemical reaction in many ways as an empirical formula describes a chemical compound. The equation describes not only which substances react, but the relative number of moles of each undergoing reaction and the relative number of moles of each product formed. Note especially that it is the mole ratios in which the substances react, not how much is present, that the equation describes. In order to show the quantitative relationships, the equation must be balanced. That is, it must have the same number of atoms of each element used up and produced (except for special equations that describe nuclear reactions). The law of conservation of mass is thus obeyed, and also the "law of conservation of atoms. Coefficients are used before the formulas for elements and compounds to tell how many formula units of that substance are involved in the reaction. A coefficient does not imply any chemical bonding between units of the substance it is placed before. The number of atoms involved in each formula unit is multiplied by the coefficient to get the total number of atoms of each element involved. Later, when equations with individual ions are written (Chap. 9), the net charge on each side of the equation, as well as the numbers of atoms of each element, must be the same to have a balanced equation. The absence of a coefficient in a balanced equation implies a coefficient of 1. 

The equation states that elementary sodium reacts with elementary chlorine to produce sodium chloride, table salt. (The fact that chlorine is one of the seven elements that occur in diatomic molecules when not combined with other elements is indicated.) The numbers before the Na and NaCI are coefficients, stating how many formula units of these substances are involved. If there is no coefficient in a balanced equation, a coefficient of 1 is implied, and so the absence of a coefficient before the Cl2 implies one Cl2 molecule. The equation thus states that when the two reagents react, they do so in a ratio of two atoms of sodium to one molecule of chlorine, to form two formula units of sodium chloride. In addition, it states that when the two reagents react, they do so in a ratio of 2 mol of sodium to 1 mol of chlorine molecules, to form 2 mol of sodium chloride. The ratios of moles of each reactant and product to every other reactant or product are implied ... 

Since the ratio of moles of lithium present to moles of nitrogen present is 6 1, just as is required for the balanced equation, cither reactant may be used. 

Here the square brackets indicate the concentration of the chemical species within the bracket. That is, [A] means the concentration of A, and so forth. [A]" means the concentration of A raised to the a power, where a is the value of the coefficient of A in the balanced equation for the chemical equilibrium. The value of the ratio of concentration terms is symbolized by the letter K, called the equilibrium constant. For example, for the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen referred to in Sec. 19.3,... 

Ans. Only parts (d) and (e) are correct. The balanced equation governs the reacting ratios only. It cannot determine how much of any chemical may be placed in a vessel—(a) and (b)—or if a reaction will go to completion—(c). 

The reaction is C4H6(A) + C2H4(B) -> CfiH10(C). Since the molar ratio of A to B in the feed is 1 1, and the ratio of the stoichiometric coefficients is also 1 1, cA = cB throughout the reaction. Combining the material-balance equation (15.2-2) with the rate law, we obtain... 

This equation relates the overall ratios of reactants and products. It may be termed a fully balanced equation, or is more commonly termed a stoichiometric equation. 

The stoichiometric ratios in a fully balanced equation are usually not useful for determining the reaction mechanism. 

Depending on tF/tc ratio, SBR operation can be compared with plug flow reactor (PFR) and completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR), (Weber DiGiano, 1995). In table 1 mass balance equations for SBR and continuous flow system are compared in which ... 

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the total mass remains unchanged. This means that the total mass of the atoms of each element represented in the reactants must appear as products. In order to indicate this, we must balance the reaction. When balancing chemical equations, it is important to realize that you cannot change the formulas of the reactants and products the only things you may change are the coefficients in front of the reactants and products. The coefficients indicate how many of each chemical species react or form. A balanced equation has the same number of each type of atom present on both sides of the equation and the coefficients are present in the lowest whole number ratio. For example, iron metal reacts with oxygen gas to form rust, iron(III) oxide. We may represent this reaction by the following balanced equation ... 

As we mentioned previously, the balanced chemical equation not only indicates what chemical species are the reactants and what the products are, but it also indicates the relative ratio of reactants and products. Consider the balanced equation for the rusting of iron ... 

The coefficients in the balanced equation must be in the lowest whole-number ratio. 

This answer has an extra significant figure. The mole ratio should match the one given in your balanced equation. You will not be penalized again for an incorrectly balanced equation. You will lose a point if you do not include a hexane-to-C02 conversion. 

Since the mixture ratio is not specified explicitly for this general expression, no effort is made to eliminate products and n = 11. Thus the new mass balance equations (a = 4) are... 

The combined effects of a +2.9%o equilibrium fractionation between Fe(III)aq and Fe(II)jq, and a +2.0%o fractionation between Fe(Ill)aq and ferrihydrite upon precipitation is illustrated in Figure 10. Although a k ki ratio of 5 appears to fit the fractionations measured by Bullen et al. (2001) (Fig. 10), we note that at these relatively low kjk ratios. Equation (16) cannot be used, but instead the calculations are made using an incremental approach and simple isotope mass-balance equations (e.g., Eqn. 12). As the kjki ratio increases to 20, Equation (16) may... 

From the balanced equation, you can obtain the molar ratio of the reactant and the product. 

Figure 5.4 Calculated (a) electron balance (Equation 5.5), (b) production of acetate (Equation 5.6) and (c) production of H2 (Eqnation 5.7) as fnnctions of the ratio of CH4 to CO2 prodnced ( ) during anaerobic decomposition of soil organic matter. Numbers on curves are ratios of CH4 produced from H2 + CO2 to CH4 produced from acetate (V )...

A balanced chemical equation is a stoichiometric equation, it tells us the numbers of moles of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. A quantitative reaction is one in which the substances react completely according to the mole ratios given by the balanced equation. 

The first attempts to quantify isotope exchange processes between water and rocks were made by Taylor (1974). By using a simple closed-system material balance equation these authors were able to calculate cumulative fluid/rock ratios. 

The band profile obtained as a numerical solution of Equation 10.10 gives the concentration distribution as a function of the reduced time at the column end, i.e., at location x= 1, regardless of the column length. The band profile depends only on the column efficiency, the boundary conditions, the phase ratio, and the sample size (which is part of the boundary conditions). The mobile phase velocity has been eliminated from the mass balance equation and the apparent axial dispersion coefficient has been replaced by the plate number. 

The reaction of potassium chlorate with a carbohydrate (e.g., lactose) will produce carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2 I or a mixture depending on the oxidizerifuel ratio. The balanced equations are given as equations 8.2 and 8. 3. (Lactose occurs as a hydrate - one water molecule crystallizes with each lactose molecule.)... 

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