Bacteroides spp

Pneumonia owing to aspiration of oral contents is caused by a variety of anaerobes (Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., and anaerobic gram-positive cocci), as well as Streptococcus spp. M. catarrhalis and Eikenella corrodens may be involved, but much less frequently.14,15 When gastric contents are aspirated, then enteric gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus are more commonly the pathogens.15... 

Intra-abdominal operations involve a diverse flora with the potential for polymicrobial SSIs. Escherichia coli make up a large portion of bowel flora and are frequently isolated as pathogens according to the NNIS.5 Other enteric gram-negative bacteria, as well as anaerobes (especially Bacteroides spp.), may be encountered during intra-abdominal operations. 

Shindo et al. [66,74,77] explain the presence of Bacteroides spp., presumably of the intestinal type, by migra-... 

To understand the role of antibiotics, it is important to understand their effects on the fecal flora. The normal flora consists of a complex bacterial population with 400-500 distinct species of bacteria (table 2a). More than 99% of the total organisms are accounted for by non-sporeforming anaerobic rods [28] the four major species are Bacteroides, bifidobacteria, eubacteria and peptostrepto-cocci [29], Other common species are Escherichia coli, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus salivarius and lacto-bacilli. Mette et al. [30] clarified the prevalence of species in fecal flora by listing the four most common anaerobes Bacteroides spp., Eubacterium spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and anaerobic cocci) and three common aerobes E. coli spp., Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp.) (table 2b). 

Anaerobes (Bacteroides spp, Peptosheptococcus spp.) and facultative bacteria (streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae)... 

We also created a bank of crystaUograms of many other clinically significant microorganisms Staphylococcus spp.. Micrococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Lactobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp.. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacillus subtilis, Helicobacter pylori, etc.). 

Vermisporin (41) is produced by the fungus Ophiobolus vermisporis [76]. Its structure was determined by chemical degradation to the derivative (42) which was studied by X-ray crystallography and provided the absolute configuration [77]. Vermisporin exhibits antimicrobial activity towards Bacteroides spp (0.25-2 lg/ml), Clostridium perfringens (0.25-2 pg/ml) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0.12-0.5 pg/ml). A metabolite of Ophiobolus rubellus produces the tetramic acid (43) that has been claimed to be an inhibitor of proline hydroxylase (IC5019pM) [78]. 

The colon contains about 400 different species of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.15 The most common anaerobes in the colon are Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp. The most common aerobe in the colon is Escherichia coli.16,17 Colonic bacteria are involved in the synthesis of B complex vitamins and a majority of vitamin K.18... 

Against anaerobic (Bacteroides spp.) and Aerobic bacteria (Salmonella... 

Antihelmintic [305], antibacterial [306], aerobic, microaerobic, anaerobic activity [307, 308], against Salmonella typimurium, Campylobacter spp. Bacteroides spp. [192], T. vaginalis [309, 310], Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, [310, 311], Salmonella [312], Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni [313], toxicity in hypoxic cells, structure-activity [127] Aerobic, vicroaerobic, anaerobic activity [307]... 

S. aureus, streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides spp, Peptostreptococcus spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa... 

Colorectal surgery, because there is a high risk of infection with Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp, streptococci and Bacteroides spp which irrhabit the gut (a cephalosporin plus metronidazole, or benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin plus metronidazole are commonly used)... 

Gynaecological surgery, because the vagina contains Bacteroides spp and other anaerobes, streptococci and coliforms (metronidazole and a cephalosporin are often used). 

Treatment of sepsis to which anaerobic organisms, e.g. Bacteroides spp. and anaerobic cocci, are contributing, notably postsurgical infection, intra-abdominal infection and septicaemia, but also woimd and pelvic infection, osteomyelitis and abscesses of brain or lung... 

Pneumonia is often caused by aspiration of material from the oropharynx, or due to the presence of other limg pathology such as pulmonary infarction or bronchogenic carcinoma. As well as conventional microbial causes, the pathogens include anaerobic and aerobic streptococci, Bacteroides spp. and Puso-bacterium, and the diagnosis may be missed unless anaerobic cultures of fresh material are performed. Treatment for several weeks with cefuroxime plus metronidazole may be needed to prevent relapse. 

Bacteria commonly isolated from primary skin infections in animals include Staphylococcus spp. (a large proportion of isolates show penicillinase activity), Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp. and Escherichia coli. Prolonged exposure to wet weather and muddy conditions under foot predispose horses and ruminant animals, respectively, to skin infection caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. Bacterial infections of the foot are generally caused by Fusohacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides spp. footrot in sheep is caused by Bacteroides (Dichelobacter) nodosus. 

Bacteroides spp. (other than B. fragilis) Metronidazole Penicillin G clindamycin cefoxitin... 

Gastrointenstinal tract Enterococcus spp. Peptostreptococcus spp. Lactobacillus, Clostridium Bacteroides spp. Enteric bacilli (f. coli, Klebsiella spp.) ... 

Colon Bacteroides spp., peptostreptococci, Clostridium, E. coli, Klebsiella, enterococci, Enterobacter, and many others 10 -10 loM o ... 

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